https://www.aictherapy.com/home daily 1.0 2026-03-02 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1601242503631-36CDSLNQYUHP4ZG6CS3K/AdobeStock_102819094+%281%29.jpg Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1605487984975-4P9YC9HI9S1RIVJ6ZCSF/New_Gradient.jpg Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1605576385045-541HXN5ZW5CTLGZYAHHC/New_Gradient.jpg Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1684521215343-M3JN8XE9UROTQ3MCMGOV/desktop-wallpaper-simple-background-blur-1440p-resolution-2560x1440-simple.jpg Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1684521303536-2EBZ2AWC5XMLCRJV80GQ/desktop-wallpaper-simple-background-blur-1440p-resolution-2560x1440-simple.jpg Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1684523493865-YKEKX9ION75KEMA03LP8/983279.jpg Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1684545386973-YI4K1VSRNC9YQST8PGXP/x-N4QTBfNQ8Nk-unsplash.jpg Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1687316606683-BY7VAU609HT1GLL9PNDA/istockphoto-925507874-612x612.jpg Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/dbb9f7bd-b5d1-4c87-a8c2-d3b6cbaf227b/AACR.webp Home - Our Cancer Research Abstract Presented at AACR 2025 Anti-Orbital Ionic Calcium (AIC) Gains International Attention in the Fight Against Multiple Myeloma. (#1605) Pretreatment with bone anabolic agents delays or prevents multiple myeloma progression. “Our results showed that improving the bone microenvironment with AIC pretreatment delays or prevents myeloma cell growth in mice. These results may suggest a novel therapeutic regimen for MM during pre-emerging or remission of multiple myeloma patients.” https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/28a73472-5f6e-4ad1-98ab-07ea6593e13d/ASBMR.webp Home - Our Bone Health Research presented at ASBMR 2025 AIC Demonstrates Significant Improvements in Bone Health, Presented by Dr. Park of Moffitt Cancer Center. We are pleased to share the results of a collaborative clinical investigation between Moffitt Cancer Center and Calcium & Bone Health Institute, examining the impact of Antiorbital Ionic Calcium (AIC) on bone mineral density in aging populations. AIC, a formulation designed to deliver bioavailable calcium ions, was evaluated in a 135-subject clinical cohort with varying degrees of bone health status, ranging from normal to osteopenia and osteoporosis. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/2efdee95-d333-44fe-be69-6a7043bb9a18/Bone+Density.webp Home - Anti-Orbital Ionic Calcium (AIC) demonstrates strong potential as a therapeutic agent for osteoporosis. This study demonstrates that Anti-Orbital Ionic Calcium (AIC) effectively protects against bone loss in an ovariectomy-induced mouse model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Over 13 weeks, AIC restored bone mineral density, improved key serum markers of bone formation and resorption, and suppressed genes linked to osteoclast activity. The treatment showed no adverse effects on body or organ weight, indicating a favorable safety profile. Overall, AIC shows strong potential as a therapeutic option for improving bone health and mitigating osteoporosis-related bone deterioration. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/3c76d3f4-70ca-41b5-a466-120731be7b9f/A-Potent-Calciuma.webp Home - Anti-Orbital Ionic Calcium Carbonate (AIC) Demonstrates Strong Efficacy in Enhancing Bone Mineral Density A recent clinical investigation demonstrates that Anti-Orbital Ionic Calcium Carbonate (AIC), a highly bioavailable form of calcium, significantly improves bone mineral density (BMD) in Asian older adults—a population known to have higher rates of osteoporosis and lower baseline calcium intake. In this study of 82 participants, individuals were classified as normal, osteopenic, or osteoporotic and received daily AIC supplementation for approximately eight months. Bone health was assessed using ultrasound-derived metrics, including T-score, BMD, and speed of sound (SOS) at the distal radius. AIC produced consistent and meaningful improvements across all groups: T-scores improved markedly (from –2.0 to –0.85, p<0.0001). BMD increased significantly (0.95 to 1.10 g/cm², p<0.0001). SOS values improved, indicating better bone quality (p<0.0001). 65% of osteopenic individuals returned to normal bone density, and 64% of osteoporotic participants improved to the osteopenic range. Notably, 12% of patients with osteoporosis achieved normal bone density. These benefits were observed regardless of age or sex, with particularly strong effects in men and in participants with more severe baseline bone loss. Importantly, AIC demonstrated a favorable safety profile with no major adverse events reported. Given its enhanced bioavailability and ability to support bone formation without reliance on vitamin D, AIC represents a promising nutritional strategy for improving bone strength and reducing fracture risk. Larger randomized trials are recommended, but current evidence supports AIC as a valuable option for individuals seeking to improve bone health and counteract osteoporosis progression. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/02944860-2095-482d-9b67-27d85ff46084/Calcium-Deficiency-article.webp Home - WHAT IS IONIC CALCIUM THERAPY? Calcium is the most abundant mineral found in most foods we eat. When digested, it ends up in inactive protein-bound form, slowly utilized as it converts to active ionic form. This conversion to ionic calcium triggers many beneficial physiological processes. Ionic Calcium Therapy utilizes a sufficient and safe amount of calcium in its active 'ionic' state to initiate a series of hormonal responses. These responses aid in the restoration of both cellular and systemic calcium homeostasis, which is often disrupted in the diseased state. A slight disruption in this delicate calcium balance causes communication disruption, leaving us seriously vulnerable to diseases. With aging-related bone loss ushered by hormonal changes and a sedentary lifestyle, calcium overloads in cellular reservoirs cause mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and calcium signaling breakdown, leaving our body vulnerable to diseases. Thanks to the Advanced Calcium Research Institute (ACRI)'s novel technology in creating molecules, namely AIC carbonate, that safely elevates serum ionic calcium levels and trigger healthy responses to achieve the desired outcome. This breakthrough gives our bodies a better chance of overcoming over 150 chronic degenerative diseases related to calcium dysfunction. Our innovative ionic calcium therapy solicits hormonal responses that strengthen trillions of cells to fight back the disease. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/f723cb52-3dd0-45d4-9298-cf6fe6d216d3/Signs-pointing-in-three-directions-e1618188608287.webp Home - IS ionic calcium therapy right for you? If you're looking to enhance your healing process, our team suggests considering ionic calcium therapy. Our experienced doctors can help you determine if it's a suitable addition to your current treatment plan. This therapy can be used in conjunction with other treatments or as a standalone therapy. Don't hesitate to seek our expert advice and consultation. Ionic calcium therapy is known to restore mitochondrial function, minimize oxidative stress, and correct impaired calcium signaling. As a result, systemic health is improved and the effectiveness of concurrent treatments is enhanced. Let us refer you to our team of expert physicians. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/c4399175-0a6b-40bc-a103-a771803ae555/Man+Drinking+Water.webp Home - ionic calcium THERAPY is safe & Easy Ionic Calcium Therapy offers a non-invasive and safe approach to improving overall health without undesired drug side effects. Simply mixed into a bottle of drinking water, it is just like drinking mineral water. It is odorless, tasteless, and colorless, and orally taken on an empty stomach for full absorption of ionic calcium. It can be used with conventional treatments to enhance their effectiveness by building a strong health foundation from the cellular to the systemic level. The raw materials are sourced from the pristine coast of northern Canada, and the final products are manufactured in an FDA-approved facility. All products used for the therapy are registered with Health Canada. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/662452bd-019e-46d0-bcb1-1f3f030fbff9/material-science-lab.webp Home - Advanced calcium research Our mission at ACRI (Advanced Calcium Research Institute) is to enhance the well-being of individuals by discovering ways to strengthen and restore the body's natural healing abilities. We are committed to promoting optimal health solutions through our research, which emphasizes the restoration of cellular calcium homeostasis - the key to achieving a long and healthy life free from illness. Through collaboration with research organizations and doctors, our goal is to improve and expand the reach of ionic calcium therapy. ACRI utilizes Antiorbital Ionic Calcium (AIC) technology to offer viable relief to individuals afflicted with calcium-related degenerative ailments such as osteoporosis, arthritis, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Calcium carbonate in AIC form is highly soluble and can deliver an optimal amount of free ionic calcium for therapeutic benefits. This promotes calcium homeostasis, leading to cellular decalcification and improved mitochondrial function, thus enhancing overall cellular health. With such improvements, we can seek to achieve remarkable recovery from various ailments. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1600645377168-MWFOBIKLZJRPH53P1T2A/Calcium+Carbonate-01+%281%29.png Home AIC CALCIUM CARBONATE Weak anti-bonding gives electrical polarity https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1600645392033-81AFHZC4D657L2MCD36B/Calcium+Carbonate-02+%281%29.png Home REGULAR CALCIUM CARBONATE Strong ionic bonding and no electrical polarity https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/23a5719d-ef9b-48d8-bbe0-9e662ee8f2e8/calcium+copy.webp Home - NOT ALL CALCIUM WORKS THE SAME WAY Calcium in the free ionic state (Ca2+) is the only physiologically active form, and our body tightly regulates its levels in our body so that all the ionic calcium-regulated cellular functions work properly. All dietary calcium, however, ends up in protein-bound form, which is in a ‘standby’ state to be slowly and carefully utilized as ionic calcium as our body requires it. Getting enough of this essential mineral into our body has been the health industry's focus for some time, focusing mostly on bone health. However, the health industry recently focused more on maintaining ‘calcium homeostasis’ and away from absorbing it more. In fact, too much absorption of calcium with under-utilization has led to a calcified body and dysfunctional cell metabolism, wreaking havoc on our health. When a small amount of calcium enters our body in a highly regulated ‘ionic’ state, it triggers a cascade of hormones that triggers the bone formation process (osteoblast). Medical science is discovering that this does more than build bones but has amazing cascading health effects. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/f6609526-880e-492e-bb02-503ee98e7357/bones%2Band%2Bteeth+copy.webp Home - CALCIUM IS MORE THAN BONES & TEETH + Muscle and Heart Contractions + Blood Clotting + Stem Cell Regulation + Neurotransmitter + Second Messenger + Hormone Secretion + Enzyme Activation+ Immune System + Cell Membrane Stability + Cell Functions and Transcription https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1604106535506-A2RQ9VV0EP5GBRWDB0ED/Screen+Shot+2020-10-30+at+5.48.37+PM.png Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1601240908045-M74NIJTTFKKHR7AS0AK7/Anti_Bonding_2+%281%29.png Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1605488516458-JC3DGNOIQ83QGN7IOBNX/Full_Blue.png Home - AIC IS ABSORBED BY DIFFUSION & OSMOTIC PRESSURE DIRECT & PASSIVE ‘IONIC’ ABSORPTION WITH WATER ONLY. NO DIGESTION IS REQUIRED. NO VITAMIN D3 & PEPTIDES ARE REQUIRED. ABSORPTION HAPPENS THROUGH THE STOMACH LINING AND NOT IN THE INTESTINES. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1604106555173-7KY5S8P5996C3EKLIZ1Q/Screen+Shot+2020-10-30+at+5.34.08+PM.png Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1605488571993-V2HXJBYUF6H44QDLM4H4/New_Square_80%25.png Home - Did you know that optimal health depends on maintaining healthy calcium homeostasis? LEARN MORE ABOUT IONIC CALCIUM HEALTH BENEFITS Trusted and recommended by health practitioners around the world https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/ac83658d-05cf-47bb-b8f5-b374834d2245/AdobeStock_224306882%2B%281%29+copy.webp Home - OUR SUCCESS STORY Currently, there is no fail-safe technique available in the medical field to prevent age-related bone loss without disrupting the delicate calcium balance in the body, which can lead to severe health consequences. In most cases, the treatment requires choosing the lesser of two evils. Unless significant changes are made to one's diet and lifestyle, the majority of individuals are susceptible to developing age-related bone loss, which can cause cellular calcium signaling dysfunction and invite a variety of degenerative diseases. Ionic calcium therapy utilizes calcium ions as signaling agents to trigger our body’s natural self-healing responses as it reverses calcification, causing domino effects of healing processes to rebuild our health from the cells to the systems. Its healing pathway is truly powerful. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/9eae5a31-4756-4483-9f51-4982c1528fb8/Serversketch.png Home - Make it stand out Want to know more about Ionic Calcium Health Benefits? Dr. Server & his associates will help you with your questions. info@aictherapy.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1605487325001-6B1BQM7HICN8A7CYTDPE/Icons_White-03.png Home - AIC as CALCIUM ACTIVATOR About 50% of the calcium in our blood is in inactive protein-bound form. Taking more calcium supplements to strengthen bones led to more health risks, such as vascular calcification and heart failure. More is not always better. AIC triggers a strong bone-building process that upregulates bone turnover and utilizes inactive calcium in our blood, and at the same time, reduces calcification. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1605487336995-6ME29ZIWAUS50HWP1FAO/Icons_White-04.png Home - AIC as CALCIUM REGULATOR AIC helps maintain proper calcium levels by triggering thyroid and parathyroid hormones to enhance the bone turnover rate. Healthy bone turnover induces body-wide decalcification, where displaced calcium returns to where it belongs: bones. Cellular decalcification restores mitochondrial function and corrects calcium signaling for cells to perform optimally. AIC brings calcium homeostasis from cellular to systemic levels. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1605487347716-I865UJX8SQ7626VCIX84/Icons_White-05.png Home - AIC as CALCIUM NAVIGATOR 99% of the calcium in our body is in bones, and the remaining 1% plays a vital role as signaling molecules. Therefore, our body uses many organs to regulate the precise calcium levels in intracellular and extracellular spaces. As we age, this delicate calcium homeostasis breaks down and as a result, has calcium deposited in all the wrong places. AIC helps displaced calcium to return to the ultimate storage– the bone- and prevents further calcification from happening. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/dabbff74-caa7-47f5-9d10-0d13dc87103d/1.webp Home - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/233a7045-8e6b-44b4-806b-d3903ca88ea2/2.webp Home - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1e905a46-ac97-4dfc-9972-2175f4c5ca96/2025+Pretreatment+of+Bone_Chicago.webp Home - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/73f0fa7a-79e6-4bdc-90f5-f1b7dad64699/2025+Dysfuntion+of+Calcium+Signaling.webp Home - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/b6d6682f-53b9-4434-8484-aa78764472aa/The+Roles+of+Calcitonin+2024.webp Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/56dbb3bc-08b4-47cc-94c9-1889decb93d7/8+copy.webp Home - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/a8564f27-6629-4d1b-8fad-f0846813d338/2024+Expanding+Role+of+Calcitonin.webp Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/9b574fa0-f46f-4086-ba51-6ac0374acad0/2024+Seeing+the+Disease_InTAAC.webp Home - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/eaf1a484-a267-4019-9517-1bdc92b40c0a/2023+Your+Living+Bones.webp Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/833d4098-29cc-48d6-aaa2-0d6b2c302f70/2023+Calcim+Signaling.webp Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/36df8efb-7802-4c47-bb93-0bd5779d82fa/2023+Seeing+the+Disease.webp Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/833703ea-ab1e-4637-ac7f-694013c31038/2023+Improved+Ionic+Calcium.webp Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/86a8e021-4f91-4857-8902-2051103e6884/2023+Understanding+Calcium+Signaling.webp Home https://www.aictherapy.com/testimonials daily 0.75 2026-01-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/dd4c1989-8c19-4c04-bd54-4ebb2cfea352/Amazing.webp Testimonials https://www.aictherapy.com/about daily 0.75 2026-02-02 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1604102257276-ZWCLVAATRTA5BAWSER8F/About_Hero.jpg About https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1605486813238-VUIAA0YKEYN4Q5HS61UB/Dark+blue_Banner.jpg About https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1605488816786-U7BA0W2CULAM9Q8A9LOK/New_Blue_BG_4.png About https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1605488836312-1AT0Q3CRQVVB0JG6P0P3/New_Blue_BG_3.png About https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1605488860235-3BW7SKF35AXYSG39AW1C/New_Blue_BG_4.png About https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1605488885869-DUN8CP6R2364VQHCYEUP/New_Gradient.jpg About https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1605488963607-HOH0GQ9WO30NLY8L8LNS/New_Blue_BG_4.png About https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1605488988866-YTTA1UKLE8TAHLXBDVFF/New_Blue_BG_3.png About https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1605489182638-10JVU1C60W2E8TE1DD9D/New_Gradient.jpg About https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1683831523832-Y2AOPYM16YRESZ1C6NX5/AIC_TECH_BANNER.png About https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1684521763099-BFXIM47PN26VXBLNQEX2/desktop-wallpaper-simple-background-blur-1440p-resolution-2560x1440-simple.jpg About https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1684522295805-J7UFA34RXOQSKR36EK6P/983279.jpg About https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1684523336247-31RATW4I66H0J7VA1DI2/983279.jpg About https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1687316606683-BY7VAU609HT1GLL9PNDA/istockphoto-925507874-612x612.jpg About https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/b258d473-d170-456b-ab5c-4b37040dc5d4/AdobeStock_102819094%2B%281%29.webp About https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/de3c6a5b-7540-4148-bb06-5ccb56a20746/Screenshot%2B2023-05-11%2Bat%2B2.49.32%2BPM.webp About - ACRI Brings novel Technology Despite the many advancements in medical technology, incidents of debilitating conditions such as osteoporosis, arthritis, cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease are still rising. Utilizing its proprietary antiorbital formulation technology, Advanced Calcium Research Institute (ACRI) supports physicians in building effective remedies for these difficult diseases. By utilizing a ubiquitous cellular signaling agent, namely ionic calcium, ACRI found many ways to trigger natural healing responses. Rather than just treating symptoms, our approach is helping our body to overcome sickness by strengthening our body’s natural self-healing capabilities by focusing on reversing the root causes of diseases. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/5ba8588e-523a-444c-a3e4-209df45817c6/AdobeStock_91387706_600x+copy.webp About - Our Commitments Our signature Antiorbital Ionic Calcium (AIC) technology delivers ionic calcium in the supplement form. It effectively pulls our system back into the proper balance by restoring and correcting our body’s most basic cell communication system based on calcium oscillation. When our body communicates correctly, healing takes place. Because calcium signaling dysfunction affects all of us with aging and makes us vulnerable to hosts of degenerative diseases, ACRI is dedicated to finding applications of AIC technology for many different disease conditions with ongoing clinical research. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/7e02bdf6-ea45-4d4b-b45f-222513dfb463/AdobeStock_85563615+copy.webp About - Ionic Calcium Therapy has supported the health of over 10,000 people Many physicians and their patients have already voluntarily participated in our clinical research projects and provided feedback in fine-tuning the therapy. Bringing a safe and easy supplement-based approach to optimal health that truly delivers is the grand goal of ACRI. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/7a907204-9028-4c47-9941-e88a624f0e59/Untitled-3-2.webp About - Make it stand out Dr. Server Bozdogan (MD, PhD, Geneticist) of the Advanced Calcium Research Institute https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/a77a6363-9b88-4a86-a476-619b21ca68fb/AdobeStock_94556119+copy.webp About - Continued Research Expands the Horizon Joining hands with many healthcare practitioners and clinics around the world, ACRI expands the application of AIC therapy as both adjunct and adjuvant therapy to both conventional and naturopathic treatments in treating many difficult conditions. Invited to speak in many health and medical conferences around the world, our affiliated practitioners engage and partner with experts in the science field. The ongoing collaborative research continues to support our participating practitioners and clinics, bringing hopes of restored health to countless patients. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/4c92a0a3-450d-4bed-a097-2cf08d1114bb/AdobeStock_96003279+copy.webp About - Multiple myeloma Research with UAMS The experts of multiple myeloma cancer research in the UAMS Rockefeller Cancer Institute are partnering with us in studying and finding the promising effects of AIC in future treatments for this debilitating disease. The research is currently ongoing as of 2020. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/b9815b55-5292-41e0-bb64-8f6baaf9c57a/Screenshot+2023-04-25+at+4.46.09+PM.png About - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/4ba51687-3be1-473c-8230-9070e15ec6cc/CNDA%402x+%281%29.jpg About https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/ade412ad-6ff6-4645-916c-7b4fd65a5b0f/Screen+Shot+2021-01-22+at+5.57.26+PM.jpg About https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1baaddaf-3274-4127-ba29-42b172947d15/Aznma%402x.jpg About https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/6c41fcdc-5360-494c-85a4-537f21ee7f2a/OANP+logo.jpg About - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/4cf4fcae-d2cc-4b8b-b01f-d261070ad890/Screenshot+2023-05-11+at+6.12.14+PM.png About - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/27f6e980-ccc0-4616-ac58-c0a47ba06c5d/Screenshot+2023-04-25+at+4.43.07+PM.jpg About - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/bc234edb-8843-41ab-b34b-c45b06d04d5d/ANP+logo.jpg About - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/9d545855-21ea-4eb9-9267-a182b593dc39/wanp-logo.jpg About - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/36f99a61-2651-4403-a814-daf5aa4064a8/Screenshot+2023-05-11+at+6.12.26+PM.png About - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1602534204182-3KXGX8UBZ72SBQYGRLHT/Transparent2.png About - Antiorbital iconic Calcium (AIC - CaCO3) The result of 10 years of intense research and development AIC (Antiorbital Ionic Calcium) is the world’s true first calcium-ion delivery system which safely and effectively elevates the threshold level of calcium-ion concentration in our blood (0.1mg/dL) to initiate a cascade of hormonal responses that helps awaken our body’s natural healing mechanisms! https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/92e98515-b3a4-48f8-bf62-1c0caa8bf76a/AdobeStock_223123089+copy.webp About - Natural Healing Process AIC provides enough calcium ion directly into our system to trigger cascade of hormonal responses to bring in natural healing process Slight elevation of calcium ion concentration in our body do wonders following the natural pathways inherent in our system. Over a hundred calcium-related diseases can find help. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/f127655b-384d-4500-be4e-e70c79eff03e/AdobeStock_52554426+copy.webp About - How AiC Ionic Calcium Therapy started In 2009, Dr. Paul Lee of CBHI invented Antiorbital Ionic Calcium (AIC) in an effort to make better biological calcium. When his friend remarkably improved from the late stage of prostate cancer with colon metastasis, intensive research on physiological application started, discovering its efficacy on many degenerative diseases such as osteoporosis, Parkinson’s, autoimmune diseases, etc. Ever since, many interested physicians have started to use AIC for various diseased conditions and have reaped great benefits. AIC Ionic Calcium Therapy soon became one of the favorite and praised therapies employed by over a thousand physicians worldwide already. This innovative new therapy rebuilds and restores our body from the cellular level and complements and enhances any existing treatments by magnifying their effectiveness as well. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1605489158828-GM2HDMCPRKU0EYU6RVGX/New_Square_80%25.png About - Did you know that 150+ diseases are related to disrupted calcium homeostasis? ACRI is here to study the benefits of ionic calcium together with interested physicians. LET’S SHARE, DISCUSS, AND EXPLORE TOGETHER. PLEASE SIGN UP FOR OUR PHYSICIAN-ONLY FORUM TO ASK QUESTIONS AND LEARN MORE ABOUT IONIC CALCIUM THERAPY! https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1605487325001-6B1BQM7HICN8A7CYTDPE/Icons_White-03.png About - AIC as CALCIUM ACTIVATOR About 50% of the calcium in our blood is in inactive protein-bound form. Taking more calcium supplements to strengthen bones led to more health risks, such as vascular calcification and heart failure. More is not always better. AIC triggers a strong bone-building process that upregulates bone turnover and utilizes inactive calcium in our blood, and at the same time, reduces calcification. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1605487336995-6ME29ZIWAUS50HWP1FAO/Icons_White-04.png About - AIC as CALCIUM REGULATOR AIC helps maintain proper calcium levels by triggering thyroid and parathyroid hormones to enhance the bone turnover rate. Healthy bone turnover induces body-wide decalcification, where displaced calcium returns to where it belongs: bones. Cellular decalcification restores mitochondrial function and corrects calcium signaling for cells to perform optimally. AIC brings calcium homeostasis from cellular to systemic levels. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1605487347716-I865UJX8SQ7626VCIX84/Icons_White-05.png About - AIC as CALCIUM NAvigator 99% of the calcium in our body is in bones, and the remaining 1% plays a vital role as signaling molecules. Therefore, our body uses many organs to regulate the precise calcium levels in intracellular and extracellular spaces. As we age, this delicate calcium homeostasis breaks down and as a result, has calcium deposited in all the wrong places. AIC helps displaced calcium to return to the ultimate storage– the bone- and prevents further calcification from happening. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/cfe89ffa-7e1b-4a5c-8a3b-91f4f19e01cb/Screenshot+2023-05-11+at+3.05.43+PM.jpg About Mrs. M. Holt, age 80 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/652a71c8-b8bc-4bf7-9a3e-175466733cc9/Screenshot+2023-05-11+at+3.07.44+PM.jpg About Mrs. J. Mante, age 39 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/27564666-3ad5-4ea3-bbd0-6cb628037311/Screenshot+2023-05-11+at+3.13.46+PM.jpg About Mr. B. O. Jeong, age 51 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/09ea1fac-d673-4c56-906f-08f1f8029f0c/Anti-Orbital-Ionic-Calcium-of-SAC_3-1536x837.png About - WHAT IS SCIENCE BEHIND AIC? AIC is a medical-grade product derived from SAC. AIC pushes the threshold of purity level to 99.9%. Comparing it with SAC, AIC has a significantly higher absorption rate and achieves the highest physiological effects. When AIC is absorbed into the body, it is absorbed by the electric potential difference in the body (passive transport). As the force E=-13.6/n2 (eV) increases, it is separated from the CO3 of AIC CaCO3. At this time, the 4s orbital of the calcium atom disappears and the calcium atom becomes a calcium ion. This is called Anti-orbital Ionic calcium. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/9cc24b8d-4e27-4a02-879a-c8f973ad2d02/Calcium-Signalling-Wave_4-1536x569.png About - CALCIUM SIGNALING AND FUNCTIONS Calcium atom has a 4s orbital in the last orbit and has 2 electrons in it. This electron has a force of mγ2/r, and when mγ2/r becomes larger, the 2 electrons fall apart, and the calcium atom is in an ionic form. It becomes plasma, which becomes an indispensable element in human cell metabolism. The continuous research and development of CBHI in creating calcium ions made us possible to manipulate AIC CaCO3 with high electric energy; this process allows AIC CaCO3 to efficiently ionize by the cell voltage (electronic difference) of the human body for a certain period. This element, we call Anti-orbital Iconic Calcium (AIC), is specifically made for medical use. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/28d7bdff-4aad-4b4b-b76b-7fce28b03e41/3.png About - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/99fcd3ac-edfd-4a99-8068-113e2d24dda9/2.webp About - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/a6e1f74b-528e-424a-92fa-7a9c260622fd/4.webp About - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/dff9d6d4-c82b-41f9-964f-d9d387e33812/3.webp About - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/3c2f3fc0-c169-44e2-a59f-ca54c5aa1c19/11.webp About - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/9d362911-11ac-4fe8-be87-ae76f19216a2/7.webp About - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/4e707854-08e7-4328-8ac1-bc3f5a1796f0/5.webp About - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/901fd680-e46e-40c9-88d5-5184c7b82f61/8+copy.webp About - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/09c7fc72-e8f0-4e05-abc7-de5ce812cb14/9.webp About https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/33f4c388-0367-4c57-8cdb-9ad62564440d/10.webp About https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/5f9036e3-e261-42d2-8f9a-242ba682609b/11.webp About https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/c37fefc2-d470-449d-9623-f61b033bbfa5/12.webp About https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/a11fbc06-d7a1-4975-b7a8-e787df0b245f/13.webp About https://www.aictherapy.com/antiorbital-ionic-calcium daily 0.75 2026-04-03 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1602980033848-CBFXWL0YC1CAA3ISNH5B/Dark+blue_Banner.jpg AIC Technology https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1603065456553-DOG9K30ANTRXF1HPHTQN/AdobeStock_265354341.jpg AIC Technology https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1603065554527-52RQC4KKS6985OM8ZHGK/SAC_Hero1+%281%29.jpg AIC Technology https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1684523652380-7F2522VA5EV750E3XJM9/983279.jpg AIC Technology https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1684636493163-P8R3Z7P0MDLHNQXK1TLX/desktop-wallpaper-simple-background-blur-1440p-resolution-2560x1440-simple.jpg AIC Technology https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/d3af3517-3d15-429e-b51f-e14870e19716/Cover+Page+copy.webp AIC Technology https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/93de29ad-47ae-43d5-bf1f-b34f4f5eb74d/Middle_Banner+copy.webp AIC Technology https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/3c5d8657-4fa7-461d-bafa-17b94ce300bc/Unique%2BProperties+copy.webp AIC Technology https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/903305ae-31bf-4c19-befb-ae6a4a307b60/50+copy.webp AIC Technology https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/d628f672-c67b-42b5-bacf-a830a10afef9/Book+Online+copy.webp AIC Technology https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/53b8c6f8-a0dd-4e9f-93e8-86b9df983711/Blue-DNA-strings-768x384.webp AIC Technology https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1ddbd197-8b11-4b50-995b-896cd230d1a3/1_New.webp AIC Technology AIC IONIC CALCIUM CARBONATE Has electrical charge from weak anti-bonding https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/5582358d-e9b5-4dbd-8cc0-ef369c7fb5cf/2_New+copy.webp AIC Technology REGULAR CALCIUM CARBONATE Strong bonding and no net electrical charge https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/ee13b74e-ecfb-4780-a89d-c2f1976026f3/3+copy.webp AIC Technology https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/a07f552c-58be-476d-a9a6-5791451fe57b/4+copy.webp AIC Technology https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/7387f232-3a1b-4c07-905d-31bc8fe23911/5+copy.webp AIC Technology https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1615233211861-RZ7YLP53MXS7F79XGCTW/Screen+Shot+2021-03-08+at+2.51.06+PM.png AIC Technology https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1603053874320-JL3H71C7RWJ68AF7NHDG/Transparent2.png AIC Technology - What is antiorbital calcium? AIC is the world's first safe calcium-ion delivering molecule administered orally. Ionic calcium triggers body-wide calcium homeostasis no other calcium supplementation can achieve. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/78b5be1d-e459-43ed-8194-f9abc39c68a1/7_New.webp AIC Technology https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1d891e21-f9e6-4bfb-aedc-bf925532f593/8_NEW+copy.webp AIC Technology https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/94b7c597-0d08-4c2b-84e3-31f83d84f8e4/9_NEW+copy.webp AIC Technology - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/2651a1b6-eef4-487b-ac1b-149fce800f92/10_NEW.webp AIC Technology Calcium from AIC is quickly absorbed due to its positively charged antiorbital-bonding, making it readily available for the body to use. Unlike other forms of calcium that require digestion with peptides and vitamin D through active transport delivery, which can make the absorbed calcium less effective, AIC bypasses this complicated process for immediate bio-availability. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/b59d091a-1917-40bf-9002-0ccb9ad7b176/Screenshot+2026-04-01+at+1.34.11%E2%80%AFPM+copy.webp AIC Technology - AIC Calcium Ions Stay in Active Form AIC is absorbed only as ionic calcium and is wrapped in the coordination bond of water molecules, avoiding binding with albumin, increasing the amount of ionic calcium in the blood, and all hormones and enzymes related to calcium channels, various cell metabolism activities, p53 function activation, etc. Calcium absorbed by vitamin D is directly combined with albumin and becomes protein calcium. When AIC calcium is absorbed, it forms a coordination bond with water molecules, and even when absorbed into the blood, it does not combine with albumin, so it acts as ion calcium and can enter the calcium channel of the cell. There is about 200g of albumin in the blood, and calcium that is actively transported is immediately bound because there is an amino acid with an anion in the albumin protein. Of course, it also becomes ionic calcium, but it does not deviate from calcium homeostasis. Therefore, it does not affect the human body. Rather, it causes calcification, etc. Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/44c42dae-cff4-4f61-8b88-141aa566ed44/AIC+copy.webp AIC Technology - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/7f12b719-4a86-47fc-a305-a45f34eb8e9f/14_NEW+copy.webp AIC Technology - Active Transport of Regular Calcium Regular calcium intake from diet or supplements need strong stomach acid with peptides and vitamin D3 to digest and be absorbed in small intestines as protein-bound calcium, which is not readily utilized with aging because of a sedentary lifestyle, hormonal changes, and poor diet. Various side effects of inactive calcium include kidney stones, blood vessel calcification, stroke, heart attack, etc. Most, if not all, calcium supplements fall in this category and may aggrevate body-wide calcification which is known to be one of many major cause of degenerative diseases. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/2cd1e079-7fa6-459b-9317-83b5a364974f/15_NEW+copy.webp AIC Technology - Passive Transport of AIC Calcium Unlike regular calcium intake, no Vitamin D3 and peptides are needed for absorption. AIC diffuses passively through digestive tract cell linings (mucosa) as ions, not requiring physiological energy from our body and readily available for immediate use. Ionic calcium is immediately utilized to bring calcium homeostasis : Corrects calcium signaling Reduces cellular oxidative stress Restores mitochondrial function Triggers decalcification https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1704025f-e89b-48fc-a38c-14e18e0efc1b/16+copy.webp AIC Technology - AIC is Absorbed Through the Entire Digestive Tract If the secretions from the bile duct and pancreas are normal, absorption will occur in the duodenum. For administration: if it’s a 500 cc diluted solution, divide it into portions of 100–150 cc and drink them separately. Most of the AIC is absorbed in the duodenum in this case, with 5% or less absorbed in the small intestine. This method is recommended for patients who have undergone partial or total gastrectomy due to stomach cancer. Nutrients that are not absorbed through the gastric mucosa are absorbed in the duodenum. One calcium atom in AIC, coordinated with six water molecules, is absorbed without vitamin D and enters the bloodstream without binding to albumin, thus remaining in its ionic form. This process takes place in the stomach and duodenum. In contrast, regular calcium is absorbed with the help of vitamin D, and once in the bloodstream, it immediately binds to albumin, existing as protein‑bound calcium. Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/69207b3a-4cfb-418a-a22a-2df086736d19/17+copy.webp AIC Technology - AIC is Absorbed through Diffusion & Osmotic Pressure About 5 to 8 mg of AIC solution is mixed with 500ml of water for optimum absorption as ionic calcium. AIC is taken on an empty stomach and is completely absorbed within 30 minutes through diffusion and osmotic pressure. Although it is in a small intake amount, a slight elevation of serum ionic calcium level is enough to trigger TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) to initiate strong bone-building osteoblasts. AIC’s cascading effects on the physiological functions of our body also activate inactive protein-bound calcium in our blood to boost further and maintain good bone health. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/05b7bd56-c052-420e-b059-02248eac220f/18+copy.webp AIC Technology - Channel & Intracellular Calcium ion Levels Modes of regulated calcium entry across the membrane AIC is the first calcium-ion-delivery-system to help build and support strong bones while promoting normal bone mass. AIC also plays an important role in other functions such as nerve transmission and muscular function. Unlike other electrically neutral calcium supplements that require Active Transport, AIC calcium’s Passive Transport brings full absorption of calcium without the need for Vitamin D, peptide, or other agents. Inside our cells, AIC ionic calcium quickly breaks down to yield calcium ions, which are absorbed into capillaries and triggers our body’s natural bone formation process. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/b34d43dd-11c5-4692-b496-137c940a9917/19+copy.webp AIC Technology https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/eac71f59-601c-484f-9423-d37636651ad0/20+copy.webp AIC Technology - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/20c511f3-da5c-4232-9a44-3d2bfc5b2ea3/21+copy.webp AIC Technology https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/a147d328-ebc3-4a79-9913-ae109655238a/22+copy.webp AIC Technology https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/86aab9ee-7578-4736-be68-9f9019c169dc/23+copy.webp AIC Technology - STRENGTHENING THE BONE IS A KEY TO HEALTHY LIFE “While a calcium deficiency is always present in the bones of individuals with chronic disease and is especially severe in those with osteoporosis, it is precisely the chronic loss of calcium from its large bony reservoir that continually feeds the excess presence of calcium elsewhere in the body.” Dr. Thomas Levy, Cardiologist Age-related boneless causes cellular calcification, which renders two crucial cellular calcium buffers: ER and mitochondria. When the buffering capacity of these organelles is compromised, it distorts calcium signals that cause mitochondrial dysfunction, transcriptional errors, elevated oxidative stress, and cell process degradation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/597a774d-71d5-49c5-b19c-c68bf5c8d62d/24+copy.webp AIC Technology - HEALTHY BONE PREVENTS CALCIUM DYSFUNCTION “A wide range of Ca2+ signaling systems deliver the spatial and temporal Ca2+ signals necessary to control the specific functions of different cell types. However, these homoeostatic systems are highly plastic and can undergo a process of phenotypic remodeling, resulting in the Ca2+ signals being set either too high or too low. Such subtle dysregulation of Ca2+ signals has been linked to some of the major diseases in humans such as cardiac disease, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and Alzheimer's disease.”* *Calcium signaling remodelling and disease Michael J. Berridge, Biochemical Society TrantionsMar 21, 2012 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/785d992c-2467-4df6-8545-860250fb4bd4/25+copy.webp AIC Technology - CELLULAR DE-CALCIFICATION AS HEALING PATHWAYS “Given its ubiquitous role, it is predictable that a deregulation along any point in the calcium signaling pathway may be capable of disrupting neurological function, which has already been demonstrated by a number of ‘calciumopathies’ – a diverse group of diseases caused by a disruption of calcium homeostasis.” (Geert Bultynck and Jan Parys, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/68bf63d7-742b-4e30-ab12-902c7d73dc5b/26+copy.webp AIC Technology - CALCIUM THERAPY IS NOT CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION It is important to consume around 1000mg of calcium daily, ideally through a healthy diet. However, as we age, our digestive power weakens, making it difficult to absorb the necessary calcium. To address this, doctors often recommend calcium supplements that are easier to absorb thanks to added vitamins D3 and K2. Nevertheless, some orthomolecular doctors caution against calcium supplementation due to the potential risks of increased calcification and associated health issues, such as heart attacks. It is worth noting that AIC therapy is not the same as calcium supplementation. While it is still important to consume an adequate amount of calcium, a small amount of 'ionic' calcium can trigger unique health benefits that protein-bound calcium cannot provide. In fact, AIC can even help the body to more effectively utilize inactive protein calcium by activating it and directing it to where it is needed. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/78c320a2-32de-48ee-9e19-4a2c0941d0b7/Screenshot+2023-10-13+at+2.27.19+PM.png AIC Technology - Targeting Secondary Cause of Disease Stops Disease Progression We are familiar with the primary causes or root causes of disease. It could be toxins like heavy metals, chemicals, or mycotoxins. It could be pathogens like bacteria and viruses. Or it could be genetic disposition or unhealthy lifestyle that triggers inflammation and oxidative stress. Many doctors focus on eliminating these primary causes as an important part of comprehensive treatment. However, the research world has identified a secondary cause of diseases that follows the root causes and plays a huge role in accelerating disease progression and amplifying symptoms: ionic calcium signaling dysfunction, also known as calciumopathy. When cellular calcium signaling is compromised, cells act abnormally and also cause mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, it has been suggested that protecting cellular homeostasis could prevent the progression of disease. AIC therapy plays an important role in normalizing dysfunctional calcium signaling and restoring correct cell behaviors. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/356e5737-1a31-4b68-a658-701bcf03294c/28+copy.webp AIC Technology - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/dcd216ff-bc8f-444b-aa32-2528a9a0e124/29+copy.webp AIC Technology - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/cd959a0e-81b3-4cff-9fc2-e8db6e495d03/30+copy.webp AIC Technology - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/3ce289fe-13ec-4070-9326-cae836ad7cd9/31+copy.webp AIC Technology - SIGNIFICANT BONE DENSITY RISE A volunteer study at CBHI shows that many women who struggle with postmenopausal bone loss experienced notable BMD (Bone Mineral Density) increase after undergoing AIC therapy. Compare BMD before (Blue bar) with BMD after the therapy (Green bar). X-axis represents the osteopenia borderline, and Y-axis represents the T-score. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/58a8a6cd-4b40-45c6-98c2-10e096ddedac/32+copy.webp AIC Technology - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/9bf0b60b-a249-469e-b984-7ba077f1bcab/33+copy.webp AIC Technology - Make it stand out Calcium Balance https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/82b8ddea-1166-4e8c-bcc1-89ace676010d/Lower+Banner+copy.webp AIC Technology - It’s all about communication Ionic calcium level is possibly the most precisely regulated substance out of all the minerals, vitamins, enzymes, and hormones. Many organs including thyroid, parathyroids, kidneys, intestines, and bones are all working together constantly in keeping the calcium level where it needs to be. Even in cellular level, many types calcium channels, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum works constantly to keep intracellular calcium level at where it needs to be. Why? Because of ionic calcium’s role in communication. Precise calcium signaling requires precise levels at different parts of our body, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/62063340-586b-4f4e-b4fa-c8cae0ab1e33/35+copy.webp AIC Technology https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/ba794f54-79a2-455f-8514-29a3cee4d0f3/36+copy.webp AIC Technology https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/4228c89c-7bb3-4d85-b64d-98371a28de28/37+copy.webp AIC Technology https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/21d3df89-af2a-44be-b307-95275e17b3d7/38+copy.webp AIC Technology https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/a0e144d1-4c9e-4266-92ca-29674505c19c/39+copy.webp AIC Technology https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/0354705f-1a68-4549-88ed-34c568cb08d3/40+copy.webp AIC Technology - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/43ac4afa-840e-4f8a-aa8a-76c81d769768/41+copy.webp AIC Technology - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/5e9c4ba1-a0ed-4a14-bf5f-5d24ae0eab40/42+copy.webp AIC Technology - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/96aec44a-da9f-4743-9d6c-de67af1947ff/43+copy.webp AIC Technology - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/4448b31f-9d6f-467f-83c7-9c9824f7fd8b/44+copy.webp AIC Technology - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/27c6455e-e24c-48e0-9e24-901cc93f79bb/45+copy.webp AIC Technology - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/b7bb9482-b7f9-447b-8f88-22b50c49de17/Screenshot+2023-06-08+at+5.11.44+PM.png AIC Technology - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/3e6a03ea-12d0-4ed9-8832-82e684cba5cb/Screenshot+2023-06-08+at+5.12.57+PM.png AIC Technology - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/cbd55680-f984-470a-94dd-e363c6bf6e28/Screenshot+2023-06-08+at+5.14.12+PM.png AIC Technology - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/92f66bb3-c3f2-4d94-8f25-77b904c375f0/Screenshot+2023-06-08+at+5.19.48+PM.png AIC Technology - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/0c3fc863-819e-499f-b504-01b349c5bf6d/Screenshot+2023-06-08+at+5.16.09+PM.png AIC Technology - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/03fc4e40-b59e-48b3-9326-69274c5484b6/Screenshot+2023-06-08+at+5.16.57+PM.png AIC Technology - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/dfacd58f-13e8-4d51-91b7-edfa2b844f3e/Screenshot+2023-06-08+at+5.18.07+PM.png AIC Technology - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/3e21ac83-22d6-46e1-8f23-e051f6d53e41/Screenshot+2023-06-08+at+5.21.18+PM.png AIC Technology - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1ffb9e51-f8ff-4f73-bc4b-5b651543c4b2/Screenshot+2023-06-08+at+5.25.10+PM.png AIC Technology - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/43760b3d-4bbb-457e-9c7c-0ae4d1d8691b/Screenshot+2024-02-05+at+9.58.16+PM.png AIC Technology - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/d67e71bb-69ba-4c00-8c36-3026562d19a8/Screenshot+2023-06-01+at+4.34.27+PM.png AIC Technology - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/0806df9a-c31c-40a6-8983-fb9da6de7717/Screenshot+2024-02-05+at+10.03.18+PM.png AIC Technology - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/09f0b1ad-1a5f-433d-ba2a-40e0569a7345/Screenshot+2023-05-26+at+8.20.44+PM.png AIC Technology - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/2f903dec-d480-48d8-913a-a3560f784a97/34+copy.gif AIC Technology - Make it stand out Researchers used light-sheet microscopy to form 3-D images of the process in primary cortical neurons from embryonic rats. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/b5742995-73a0-474f-ad12-af6d74bdbe74/12016_2017_8607_Fig1_HTML.png AIC Technology - Make it stand out Calcium Signaling: From Normal B Cell Development to Tolerance Breakdown and Autoimmunity. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/930d7235-a241-4daf-a22f-cec91afb8f1f/48+copy.webp AIC Technology - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/7e4be886-c532-4472-a62c-362c2057da65/49+copy.webp AIC Technology - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/df6eacd2-91f6-4e53-a1f9-0f5cc1f62530/47+copy.webp AIC Technology - Make it stand out Above is sample AIC dosing for oncology protocol where 4 daily doses are recommended. All other applicable conditions are recommended at 3 daily doses. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/5b1f3a57-9acc-4e65-a9f9-49e656c343e8/46+copy.webp AIC Technology - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.aictherapy.com/contact daily 0.75 2026-01-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/ceff0604-4cf5-4984-9bb5-87de97101d3a/Contact_Hero+copy.webp Contact https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/edc4f936-b63a-48a9-9f2d-1485476d2fdd/Serversketch.png Contact - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.aictherapy.com/book-a-consultation daily 0.75 2025-12-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/d58722a2-caf0-4a88-b848-2c0165c62122/Booking_Hero1+copy.webp Book a Consultation https://www.aictherapy.com/research-articles daily 0.75 2026-02-02 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1604710135734-DT9VF9SRV1UCGCN4FOUA/Research_Hero.jpg Research https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/acfcf313-7b51-42ad-bdd9-860bc2acda8a/1+copy.webp Research AKT activation enhances resistance to apoptosis and induces cell survival signaling through multiple downstream pathways. We now present evidence that AKT is activated in HTLV-1-transformed cells and that Tax activation ofAKT is linked to NF-jB activation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/4e045117-ea76-492d-b20b-13f2fd332150/2+copy.webp Research Fifteen human placentas were obtained at term. Placental fragments were incubated in a bicarbonate-buffered Earle's solution. Additions of glutamate (1 mM) or glutamine (1 or 2 mM) were made. All incubations showed a net utilization of glucose. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1377e2d8-3f83-44b1-b97b-d51fdba24607/3+copy.webp Research The development of malignant tumors results from deregulated proliferation or an inability of cells to undergo apoptotic cell death. Experimental works of the past decade have highlighted the importance of calcium (Ca2 þ ) in the regulation of apoptosis. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/20bbd17d-fc98-4c35-969f-dc8b7dad7504/4+copy.webp Research Electroporation, a method for increasing the permeability of membranes to ions and small molecules, is used in the clinic with chemotherapeutic drugs for cancer treatment. Electroporation with calcium causes ATP (adenosine triphosphate) depletion and cancer cell death and could be a novel cancer treatment. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/c22d51a7-f94d-4acb-97aa-cf244ee226dd/5+copy.webp Research High calcium consumption may confer a reduced risk of colorectal cancer. Dai and colleagues recently reported in a case-control study that intake of calcium may be associated with a decreased risk of colorectal adenoma only when the dietary calcium:magnesium intake ratio is low. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/35fa313a-e3dd-419f-b097-4347c52903ce/6+copy.webp Research Calcineurin (PP2B), a serine threonine kinase controlled by cellular calcium, was originally identified by Klee and colleagues in extracts of mammalian brain. Within the past few years this phosphatase has been implicated in a wide variety of biological responses including lymphocyte activation, neuronal and muscle development, axonal pathfinding and morphogenesis of vertebrate heart valves. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/037afba8-024f-41c8-ac96-1978df4de0a4/7+copy.webp Research This study aimed to evaluate a complex association between dietary vitamin D, calcium, and retinol intake and pancreatic cancer risk. Methods Pancreatic cancer cases (n = 532) diagnosed in 1995–1999 were identified using rapid case ascertainment methods and were frequently matched to population-based controls (n = 1,701) in the San Francisco Bay Area. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/9d5f62c5-f1b4-40b1-a147-db83bb326e4c/8+copy.webp Research A high calcium intake, mainly from dairy products, may increase prostate cancer risk by lowering concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin, a hormone thought to protect against prostate cancer. The results of epidemiologic studies of this hypothesis are inconclusive. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1a79d26f-76a7-4127-9404-bb72ef35a5b3/9+copy.webp Research Electroporation with calcium (calcium electroporation) can induce ATP depletion-associated cellular death. In the clinical setting, the cytotoxic drug bleomycin is currently used with electroporation (electrochemotherapy) for palliative treatment of tumors. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/3c8aa3f1-8866-4c7c-8aaa-a280581479d0/10+copy.webp Research Electroporation of cells with short, high-voltage pulses causes a transient permeabilization of cell membranes that permits passage of otherwise nonpermeating ions and molecules. In this study, we illustrate how electroporation with isotonic calcium can achieve highly effective cancer cell kill in vivo. Calcium electroporation elicited dramatic antitumor responses in which 89% of treated tumors were eliminated. Histologic analyses indicated complete tumor necrosis. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/ee727270-6f7c-4ea1-be44-665de76a422b/11+copy.webp Research The calcium signal is implicated in a variety of processes important in tumor progression (e.g. proliferation and invasiveness). The calcium signal has also been shown to be important in other processes important in cancer progression including the development of resistance to current cancer therapies. In this review, we discuss how Ca2+ channels, pumps and exchangers may be drug targets in some cancer types. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/a2e72800-9bd1-4b7d-9203-fc60a24522ec/12+copy.webp Research Senescence is one of the primary responses to the activation of oncoproteins or down-regulation of tumor suppressors in normal cells and is therefore considered as being anti-tumorigenic but the mechanisms controlling this process are still much unknown. Calcium (Ca2+) plays a major role in many cellular processes and calcium channels control many of the “hallmarks of cancer” but their involvement in tumor initiation is poorly understood and remains unclear. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1683fbf2-290c-4154-892a-d2b2a4864886/13+copy.webp Research The mitochondrial calcium uniporter is an evolutionarily conserved calcium channel, and its biophysical properties and relevance to cell death, bioenergetics and signalling have been investigated for decades. However, the genes encoding this channel have only recently been discovered, opening up a new ‘molecular era’ in the study of its biology. We now know that the uniporter is not a single protein but rather a macromolecular complex consisting of pore-forming and regulatory subunits. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/f4261ecb-c429-4ba8-a508-91795c8a9e08/14+copy.webp Research Lung cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the world. Calcium is a ubiquitous cellular signal, which is crucial in cancer. This review presents regulation of calcium signaling in lung cancer. Altered expression of specific Ca2+ channels and Ca2+-binding proteins are characterizing features of lung cancer, which regulate cell signaling pathway leading to cell proliferation or apoptosis. Chemoresistance is frequent in lung cancer. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/d4184a4a-d4f5-437b-9aa5-6c96f171695a/15+copy.webp Research Killing cancer cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and by natural killer (NK) cells is of vital importance. Cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis depend on the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, and the expression of numerous ion channels with the ability to control intracellular Ca2+ concentrations has been correlated with cancer. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/5a3a79c1-b92e-4d16-b706-b7c951441342/16+copy.webp Research The common preference of cancers for lactic acid-generating metabolic energy pathways has led to proposals that their reprogrammed metabolism confers growth advantages such as decreased susceptibility to hypoxic stress. Recent observations, however, suggest that it generates a novel way for cancer survival. There is increasing evidence that cancers can escape immune destruction by suppressing the anti-cancer immune response through maintaining a relatively low pH in their micro-environment. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/8de5cf92-ad96-4515-8c7a-f6f7d347a704/17+copy.webp Research We investigated in this study the contributions of S100B and calcium-dependent PKC (cPKC) signalling pathways to the activation of wild-type p53. We first confirmed that S100B expression in mouse embryo fibroblasts enhanced specific nuclear accumulation of wild-type p53. We next demonstrated that wild-type p53 nuclear translocation and accumulation is dependent on cPKC activity. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/5d4573e3-05af-4a14-9547-84e1e9e6e992/18+copy.webp Research Increased cancer risk is associated with select dietary factors. Dietary lifestyles can alter systemic acid-base balance over time. Acidogenic diets, which are typically high in animal protein and salt and low in fruits and vegetables, can lead to a sub-clinical or low-grade state of metabolic acidosis. The relationship between diet and cancer risk prompts questions about the role of acidosis in the initiation and progression of cancer. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/a1d3cd67-bdda-4013-b8f4-ee4844225db2/19+copy.webp Research DNA repair ability is reduced in a variety of pathologic conditions. In addition, in some of these diseases a disturbance in cellular Ca homeostasis occurs or cytosolic [Ca 2+] responses to various stimuli are impaired. The leading environmental cause for genomal DNA damage is ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The aims of the present study were (I) to evaluate a possible dependence of UV-induced DNA repair ability on cytosolic Ca 2+ in human lymphocytes and (2) to assess the direct effect of UV irradiation on Ca 2+ homeostasis in these cells. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/e635387b-6788-4706-a647-789a30f6d464/20+copy.webp Research Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are associated with the majority of cervical cancers and encode a transforming protein, E6, that interacts with the tumor suppressor protein p53. Because E6 has p53-independent transforming activity, the yeast two-hybrid system was used to search for other E6-binding proteins. One such protein, E6BP, interacted with cancer-associated HPV E6 and with bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) E6. The transforming activity of BPV-1 E6 mutants correlated with their E6BP-binding ability. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/4c4135ee-499c-4f8b-88d7-2d5d1ae0a5f5/21+copy.webp Research XRCC4 is a non-homologous end-joining protein employed in DNA double-strand break repair and in V(D)J recombination. In mice, XRCC4-deficiency causes a pleiotropic phenotype, which includes embryonic lethality and massive neuronal apoptosis. When DNA damage is not repaired, activating the cell cycle checkpoint protein p53 can lead to apoptosis. Here, we show that p53-de®ciency rescues several aspects of the XRCC4-deficient phenotype, including embryonic lethality, neuronal apoptosis, and impaired cellular proliferation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/a2b14915-bdbf-4f3f-a525-1dfd8aa1ed36/22+copy.webp Research Here we report a flexible amperometric lactate biosensor using silver nanoparticle based conductive electrode. Mechanically bendable cross-serpentine-shaped silver electrode is generated on flexible substrate for the mechanical durability such as bending. The biosensor is designed and fabricated by modifying silver electrode with lactate oxidase immobilized by bovine serum albumin. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/f31357ed-9129-4ea3-b77d-7699cb528d6d/23+copy.webp Research Cellular stresses, such as growth factor deprivation, DNA damage or oncogene expression, lead to stabilization and activation of the p53 tumour suppressor protein. Depending on the cellular context, this results in one of two different outcomes: cell cycle arrest or apoptotic cell death. Cell death induced through the p53 pathway is executed by the caspase proteinases, which, by cleaving their substrates, lead to the characteristic https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/49fc8a44-d0af-42bb-b8e6-20945d65abef/24+copy.webp Research Human cells lacking functional p53 exhibit a partial deficiency in nucleotide excision repair (NER), the pathway for repair of UV-induced DNA damage. The global genomic repair (GGR) subpathway of NER, but not transcription-coupled repair (TCR), is mainly affected by p53 loss or inactivation. We have utilized mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking p53 genes or downstream effector genes of the p53 pathway, gadd45 (Gadd45a) or p21 (Cdkn1a), as well as MEFs lacking both gadd45 and p21 genes to address the potential contribution of these downstream effectors to p53-associated DNA repair. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/b04d27ac-94f8-4cb2-a469-51451128f671/25+copy.webp Research Many cellular stimuli result in the induction of both the tumor suppressor p53 and NF-kB. In contrast to activation of p53, which is associated with the induction of apoptosis, stimulation of NF-kB has been shown to promote resistance to programmed cell death. These observations suggest that a regulatory mechanism must exist to integrate these opposing outcomes and coordinate this critical cellular decision-making event. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/0cb5e3da-cdb8-43e7-8961-5f0130bcc009/26+copy.webp Research The tumor suppressor p53 is a key protein in preventing cell transformation and tumor progression. Activated by a variety of stimuli, p53 regulates cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Along with its well-documented transcriptional control over cell-death programs within the nucleus, p53 exerts crucial although still poorly understood functions in the cytoplasm, directly modulating the apoptotic response at the mitochondrial level. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/b1d6bee8-e5c5-4f2b-b930-8cbada369a25/27+copy.webp Research p53 plays an essential part in the maintenance of the cellular genetic stability after a DNA-damaging event such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Following UV radiation, the amount of p53 protein is elevated. The increased p53 is believed to induce cell cycle arrest, promote nucleotide excision repair (NER) and apoptosis. To study if cells respond differently to high- and low-dose UV radiation, we examined the DNA repair efficiency and apoptosis rate of human and murine fibroblasts after UV radiation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/42436073-50f2-4e83-96ff-dc58d88d4e96/28+copy.webp Research The p53 tumour suppressor protein is a highly potent transcription factor which, under normal circumstances, is maintained at low levels through the action of MDM2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase which directs p53 ubiquitylation and degradation. Expression of the mdm2 gene is stimulated by p53 and this reciprocal relationship forms the basis of a negative feedback loop. Both genotoxic and non-genotoxic stresses that induce p53 focus principally on interruption of the p53-MDM2 loop with the consequence that p53 becomes stabilized, leading to changes in the expression of p53-responsive genes. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/724edf36-c941-479d-b912-c456afd59b81/29+copy.webp Research Activation of the p53 transcription factor in response to a variety of cellular stresses, including DNA damage and oncogene activation, initiates a program of gene expression that blocks the proliferative expansion of damaged cells. While the beneficial impact of the anti-cancer function of p53 is well established, several recent papers suggest that p53 activation may in some circumstances act in a manner detrimental to the long-term homeostasis of the organism. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/086ecacb-e29d-4625-8c88-d82161a5d278/30+copy.webp Research The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) signalling pathway plays a key role in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation. We show that the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway is constitutively active in primary acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells and that blockade by the selective inhibitor LY294002 reduces survival of the total blast population (mean 52%). The ERK/MAPK module is also constitutively active and treatment with the MAPKK inhibitor U0126 reduces cell survival by 22%. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/3efc17cb-8221-45b0-87cb-33eb30b9be39/31+copy.webp Research Apoptosis is now recognized as an important component in many progressive and acute neurodegenerative diseases. Extracellular signals and intracellular mechanisms triggering and regulating apoptosis in neuronal cells are still a matter of investigation. Here we review data from our and other laboratories with the aim to elucidate the nature of some proteins which are known to be involved in cell cycle regulation as well as in promoting degeneration and apoptosis of neurons. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/2e029c6d-6324-48c0-930a-525454f8bb38/32+copy.webp Research S100B protein is elevated in the brains of patients with early stages of Alzheimer’s disease and Down’s syndrome. S100A4 is correlated with the development of metastasis. Both proteins bind to p53 tumor suppressor. We found that both S100B and S100A4 bind to the tetramerization domain of p53 (residues 325–355) only when exposed in lower oligomerization states and so they disrupt the tetramerization of p53. In addition, S100B binds to the negative regulatory and nuclear localization domains, which results in a very tight binding to p53 protein sequences that exposed the tetramerization domain in their C terminus. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/0b3e8afe-8750-4079-8b46-18d658e2d758/33+copy.webp Research Calcium is an important ubiquitous second messenger regarding the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, and is therefore tightly regulated. Calcium induces cell death when internalised into cancer cells after permeabilization of the cell membrane by electroporation. It is established that radiation causes damage to the lipids and proteins of the cell membrane; and ionizing radiation also causes permeabilization of the cell membrane by peroxidation of the phosphor-lipid layer. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/e432fad7-573e-4609-9316-314b2bf739be/34+copy.webp Research S100B is an EF-hand containing calcium-binding protein of the S100 protein family that exerts its biological effect by binding and affecting various target proteins. A consensus sequence for S100B target proteins was published as (K/R)(L/I)xWxxIL and matches a region in the actin capping protein CapZ (V.V. Ivanenkov, G.A. Jamieson, Jr., E. Gruenstein, R.V. Dimlich, Characterization of S-100b binding epitopes. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/08ecee93-7729-4d78-ba87-9f982e450e9e/35+copy.webp Research p53 has been implicated in the activation of both death-receptor and Apaf-1-dependent apoptosis. Signalling through death receptors such as tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) generates both pro- and anti-apoptotic signals, and activation of NF-kB functions to protect cells from death under these circumstances. In other situations, however, NF-kB contributes to apoptosis. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/2c72ecdc-2443-42bd-a9a2-8aadf5b73392/36+copy.webp Research The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) represents the molecular mechanism by which parathyroid cells detect changes in blood ionized calcium concentration and modulate parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion to maintain serum calcium levels within a narrow physiological range. Much has been learned in recent years about the diversity of signal transduction through the CaSR and the various factors that affect receptor expression. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/cc076e47-8a88-4867-9b36-e868b20e2f77/37+copy.webp Research Although the mainstay of treatment for hormone responsive breast tumors is targeted endocrine therapy, many patients develop de novo or acquired resistance and are treated with chemotherapeutic drugs. The vast majority (80%) of estrogen receptor positive tumors also express wild type p53 protein that is a major determinant of the DNA damage response. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/4fe6d373-0528-465c-8df0-9309d09c84eb/38+copy.webp Research The integration of calcium and a p53–Mdm2 oscillator model is studied using a deterministic as well as a stochastic approach, to investigate the impact of a calcium wave on single cell dynamics and on the inter-oscillator interaction. The high dose of calcium in the system activates the nitric oxide synthase, synthesizing nitric oxide which then downregulates Mdm2 and influences drastically the p53–Mdm2 network regulation, lifting the system from a normal to a stressed state. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/2f981d62-9cc9-4b27-b464-0cc32d7b0de1/39+copy.webp Research The pathways and identification of cell injury and cell death are of key importance to the practice of diagnostic and research toxicologic pathology. Following a lethal injury, cellular reactions are initially reversible. Currently, we recognize two patterns, oncosis and apoptosis. Oncosis, derived from the Greek word "swelling," is the common pattern of change in infarcts and in zonal killing following chemical toxicity, e.g., centrilobular hepatic necrosis after CC14 toxicity. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1f9ed51f-a247-4d83-a035-6c078912e3aa/40+copy.webp Research The p53 tumour-suppressor gene is mutated in 60% of human tumours, and the product of the gene acts as a suppressor of cell division. It is thought that the growth-suppressive effects of p53 are mediated through the transcriptional transactivation activity of the protein. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/bfaf36e3-88b3-4e40-a53c-de75dd7eb216/41+copy.webp Research Loss of p53 function occurs during the development of most, if not all, tumour types. This paves the way for genomic instability, tumour-associated changes in metabolism, insensitivity to apoptotic signals, invasiveness and motility. However, the nature of the causal link between early tumorigenic events and the induction of the p53-mediated checkpoints that constitute a barrier to tumour progression remains uncertain https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/bb41a0e8-1c95-426a-9c14-44ad4fdc3166/42+copy.webp Research Calcium is a ubiquitous second messenger that regulates many cellular functions, including cell growth, differentiation and neural signal transduction. S100A and S100B proteins are members of a growing subfamily of the EF-hand calcium binding protein superfamily, possessing ~40% sequence identity. The S100B protein is one of the ‘elite’ proteins in the field of calcium signaling, being implicated in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis1 as well as in Down’s syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/ba750836-9db9-48e0-9467-bc9d1a47ece8/1+copy.webp Research Calcium transport and calcium signalling mechanisms in bone cells have, in many cases, been discovered by study of diseases with disordered bone metabolism. Calcium matrix deposition is driven primarily by phosphate production, and disorders in bone deposition include abnormalities in membrane phosphate transport such as in chondrocalcinosis, and defects in phosphate-producing enzymes such as in hypophosphatasia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/d70061a7-0d57-461b-95bd-acfbfca20282/2+copy.webp Research Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed HIV infection from a terminal disease to a manageable chronic illness. While incidence of AIDS-defining conditions has declined, other comorbidities have increased (1), including osteoporosis and fragility fractures (2-7). Both viral and host factors likely contribute to bone loss and fracture risk: HIV infection mediated by certain viral proteins, HIV-associated inflammation, lifestyle and behavioral factors, underlying genetic predisposition, comorbidities, and ART (8-14). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/ba9fa6c5-4e04-46e2-86da-1dd53a3bc1fb/3+copy.webp Research This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Sigma Anti-bonding Molecule Calcium Carbonate (SAC) as therapy for ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats. Three weeks after surgery, fifteen ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into 3 groups: sham-operated group (sham), ovariectomized group (OVX) and SAC-treatment group (OVX+SAC). The OVX+SAC group was given drinking water containing 0.0012% SAC for 12 weeks. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/c87be769-b6ca-4dc1-86dc-7382e7e2f975/Screenshot+2025-02-28+at+2.41.08%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and aging result in impaired ability to store memories, but the cellular mechanisms responsible for these defects are poorly understood. Presenilin 1 (PS1) mutations are responsible for many early-onset familial AD (FAD) cases. The phenomenon of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) is widely used in studies of memory formation and storage. Recent data revealed long-term LTP maintenance (L-LTP) is impaired in PS1-M146V knock-in (KI) FAD mice. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/a2093bc7-c125-4e8f-833d-5ca84bb26f69/Screenshot+2025-02-28+at+2.42.25%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by the selective and progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons (MNs) of the brainstem, spinal cord and cerebral cortex. Key discoveries in the field of ALS have exponentially increased since it was first described in 1869 by Jean Martin Charcot, and the identification in 1993 of the first ALS-causing mutations in the gene encoding the well-studied antioxidant enzyme Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/94a571e6-e224-443f-a119-85c69e6ec646/Screenshot+2025-02-28+at+3.06.51%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the disease of lost memories. Synaptic loss is a major reason for memory defects in AD. Signaling pathways involved in memory loss in AD are under intense investigation. The role of deranged neuronal calcium (Ca2+) signaling in synaptic loss in AD is described in this review. Familial AD (FAD) mutations in presenilins are linked directly with synaptic Ca2+ signaling abnormalities, most likely by affecting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ leak function of presenilins. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/68fa4057-6fef-4a5f-8dea-8907a03e0af0/Screenshot+2025-02-28+at+3.17.08%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-linked presenilin mutations result in pronounced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium disruptions that occur prior to detectable histopathology and cognitive deficits. More subtly, these early AD-linked calcium alterations also reset neurophysiological homeostasis, such that calcium-dependent pre- and postsynaptic signaling appear functionally normal yet are actually operating under aberrant calcium signaling systems. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/8baca437-647e-4b0c-9b69-0fd13075a380/5+copy.webp Research Trains of action potentials evoked rises in presynaptic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) at the squid giant synapse. These increases in [Ca2+]i were spatially nonuniform during the trains, but rapidly equilibrated after the trains and slowly declined over hundreds of seconds. The trains also elicited synaptic depression and augmentation, both of which developed during stimulation and declined within a few seconds afterward. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/3203255a-88de-4146-b4af-5c0e320d334e/6+copy.webp Research Modeling and simulation of the calcium signaling events that precede long-term depression of synaptic activity in cerebellar Purkinje cells are performed using the Virtual Cell biological modeling framework. It is found that the unusually high density and low sensitivity of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R) are critical to the ability of the cell to generate and localize a calcium spike in a single dendritic spine. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/9c8a5805-147a-40f3-920a-60623a2c97c2/7+copy.webp Research Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by widespread inflammation, focal demyelination and a variable degree of axonal and neuronal loss. Ionic conductances regulate T cell activation as well as neuronal function and thus have been found to play a crucial role in MS pathogenesis. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/aa36e974-e90d-454a-933d-b79592606f4c/1+copy.webp Research A number of bone-filling materials containing calcium (Ca2+) and phosphate (P) ions have been used in the repair of periodontal bone defects; however, the effects that local release of Ca2+ and P ions has on biological reactions are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of various levels of Ca2+ and P ions on the proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/7c3524c9-529b-4594-ba8a-9c3833e977f8/1+copy.webp Research Myocardial calcium signalling is a vital component of the normal physiological function of the heart. Key amongst the many roles calcium plays is its use as the primary signalling component of excitation–contraction coupling, the intracellular process that links cardiomyocyte depolarisation to contraction. Defective cellular calcium handling, due to abnormalities of the various components which mediate and control excitation–contraction coupling, is widely recognised as a significant patho-physiological event in the contractile dysfunction of the failing heart. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/e9fb75e1-0ab9-4a58-8263-33b2b5535f78/2+copy.webp Research Cardiac arrhythmia, caused by disruption of the coordinated electrical activity of heart, is among the leading causes of sudden cardiac death in United States. Intracellular calcium dynamics in cardiac cells have been recognized as an important contributor in life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia (ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation) as well as increasingly prevalent atrial arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation [AF] and flutter). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/226eb91d-0f52-48da-b5fb-ce81b799bca2/1+copy.webp Research Hyperglycemia in Diabetes Mellitus is known to have its effect on almost all body system through alterations in structural and biochemical changes in tissues.From this study it is hypothesized that alteration in calcium flux may adversely affect the insulin secretion as it is a calcium dependent process. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/74216424-cd20-46b7-911a-90e2a9dc263f/1+copy.webp Research Decreased bone mineral density (BMD) is prevalent in HIV-infected patients. Bisphosphonates are currently the mainstay of treatment for postmenopausal and male osteoporosis in HIV-uninfected individuals; however, their efficacy and safety in HIV-infected patients remains unclear. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1c79a312-f34c-49e1-9999-7a7a92684c08/2+copy.webp Research Osteopenia and osteoporosis are frequent complications of HIV infection and/or its treatment. Alendronate is the only bisphosphonate approved for the treatment of osteoporosis in men and women. We conducted a 48-week prospective, randomized, openlabel study to evaluate the effects of alendronate, vitamin D, and calcium supplementation on bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with HIV infection. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/92372971-e94b-4210-9bb5-21f5f5fbc41b/3+copy.webp Research Lyme borreliosis is transmitted through the bite of a tick that is infected by the bacterial spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. Clinical manifestation of the disease can lead to heart conditions, neurological disorders, and inflammatory disorders. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of oxidative stress and intracellular communication in Lyme borreliosis patients. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/d53de3ea-7f28-4186-9316-a7a1f2038ff4/4+copy.webp Research Epidemiological data suggest that calcium intake may influence lipid metabolism. It is unknown whether this influence also occurs in individuals with HIV/AIDS. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between dietary calcium, dairy food intake and metabolic parameters in individuals with HIV/AIDS. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/4cfb6fc7-bc46-4268-992d-0b9b89ebdd0d/5+copy.webp Research It is known that exogenous RNA molecules can be taken up by eukaryotic cells and can exert a variety of biological effects both in vitro and in vivo. The modulation of human lymphocytes by exogenous RNAs has medical implications. The exogenous RNA used in this study was obtained from lymphoid organs of animals immunized with the synthetic peptide p12 of HIV-1 and was referred to as p12-RNA. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/ed23ebcd-65f1-4fe4-9769-dd79f335c94e/6+copy.webp Research Until now, only few data have been reported on calcium levels in these patients. Generally hypocalcaemia has not been considered to be a frequent phenomenon in HIV infection and reports of reduced calcium levels in AIDS have been mostly attributed to hypoalbuminaemia or to pharmacotherapy, e.g. treatment with foscarnet or ketoconazole. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/0d5f7c96-ccd4-4473-a518-f2f98bbdbea2/1+copy.webp Research Tumour progression is dependent on the interaction between tumour cells and cells of the surrounding microenvironment. The tumour is a dynamic milieu consisting of various cell types such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, cells of the immune system and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs are multipotent stromal cells that are known to reside in various areas such as the bone marrow, fat and dental pulp. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/e7c23d7e-ab4b-4d89-9a7c-01ccba4d40dc/2+copy.webp Research The role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on breast cancer progression, growth and tumorigenesis remains controversial or unknown. In the present study, we investigated the role of MSCs on breast tumor induction and growth in a clinically relevant somatic breast cancer model. We first conducted in vitro studies and found that conditioned media (CM) of RCASNeu and RCAS-PyMT breast cancer cell lines and tumor cells themselves dramatically increased the proliferation and motility of MSCs and induced morphological changes of MSCs and differentiation into fibroblast-like cells. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/cbf28d8c-b18a-494a-8640-dedb34a12057/3+copy.webp Research Tumor-initiating cells are a subset of tumor cells with the ability to form new tumors; however, they account for less than 0.001% of the cells in colorectal or other types of tumors. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) integrate into the colorectal tumor stroma; we investigated their involvement in tumor initiation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/9382e49c-441d-4137-a826-b5ebd7921dfb/4+copy.webp Research It is prevalently known that tumour cells prefer inefficient cellular glycolysis, but no one has proved yet the exact reason of using ineffective cellular respiration mechanism of tumour cells. However, through our research, we have investigated that it is highly related to the lack of intracellular calcium ion because as the insufficient calcium ion causes dysfunction of mitochondria which releases reactive oxygen species (ROS), it causes mitochondrial protein mutation such as TDP-43, FUS and SOD1. Therefore, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) gets stressed and it ultimately causes alteration of RNA synthesis. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/41dafee2-cdf5-49ae-b71a-3f5f4f37428e/5+copy.webp Research It is now widely recognised that changes of the intracellular calcium concentration have deep impact on the differentiation of various non-excitable cells including the elements of the vertebrate skeleton. It has become evident that purinergic signalling is one of the most ancient cellular mechanisms that can cause such alterations in the intracellular Ca2+-homeostasis, which are precisely set either spatially or temporally. Purinergic signalling is believed to regulate intracellular Ca2+ concentration of developing cartilage and skeletal muscle cells and suggested to play roles in the modulation of various cellular functions. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/57bfea80-2552-429b-b59d-6d8e15194189/6+copy.webp Research Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterised by gradual destruction of articular cartilage and leads to painful and dysfunctional knee-, hip- or hand-joints. With the increasing life expectancy and obesity, the prevalence is expected to rise. In the younger population, joint pain and disability can result from local cartilage defects resulting from injury or disease. After the introduction of autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) as a treatment option for localised cartilage defects in the late 80’s, cell‑based repair techniques have been extensively explored through clinical trials aiming to improve long‑term clinical outcomes. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/fc0229a5-43fa-439d-8179-642f438725d7/7+copy.webp Research Undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent an important source for cell-based tissue regeneration techniques that require differentiation towards specific lineages, including chondrocytes. Chondrogenesis, the process by which committed mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes, is controlled by complex but not yet completely understood signalling mechanisms that involve many components, including intracellular signalling pathways, as well as plasma membrane receptors and ion channels. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/be09fd1c-48f6-48bf-bfb8-f3d36b64b2d4/8+copy.webp Research Mitochondria play central roles in buffering intracellular Ca2+ transients. While basal mitochondrial Ca2+ (Ca2+ mito) is needed to maintain organellar physiology, Ca2+ mito overload can lead to cell death. How Ca2+ mito homeostasis is regulated is not well understood. Here we show that Miro, a known component of the mitochondrial transport machinery, regulates Drosophila neural stem cell (NSC) development through Ca2+ homeostasis control, independent of its role in mitochondrial transport. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/fec9aecd-5d31-4c00-a12a-e9aef77d0917/9+copy.webp Research To artificially activate embryos in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), chemical treatment with ionomycin has been used to induce transient levels of Ca²⁺ and initiate reprogramming of embryos. Ca²⁺ oscillation occurs naturally several times after fertilization (several times with 15- to 30-min intervals). This indicates how essential additional Ca²⁺ influx is for successful reprogramming of embryos. Hence, in this report, the experimental design was aimed at improving the developmental efficiency of cloned embryos by repetitive Ca²⁺ transients rather than the commonly used ionomycin treatment (4 min). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/228a4847-9db8-45ca-b5fa-04e7f91733e4/10+copy.webp Research - Make it stand out The increasing interest in stem cell research is linked to the promise of developing treatments for many life-threatening, debilitating diseases, and for cell replacement therapies. However, performing these therapeutic innovations with safety will only be possible when an accurate knowledge of the molecular signals that promote the desired cell fate is reached. https://www.aictherapy.com/physician-signup daily 0.75 2026-01-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/4855e3f8-7d84-413b-b831-de1787712243/Contact_Hero+copy.webp Physician Signup https://www.aictherapy.com/new-events-1 daily 0.75 2023-05-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1684450803914-WAZXMBC4LBAYOBA5AJX1/Screenshot%2B2023-05-18%2Bat%2B6.59.20%2BPM.jpg New Events https://www.aictherapy.com/aic-in-neurodegenerative daily 0.75 2025-12-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/50028789-3931-441f-b8ca-47de7eff07b5/Cover_Page+copy.webp AIC in Neurodegenerative https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/0ab62672-efa8-4081-be74-65d4a51de64f/Cover+Page2+copy.webp AIC in Neurodegenerative https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/26c42547-1ce6-4d0d-9742-a3b565f5dd52/Slide2+copy.webp AIC in Neurodegenerative - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1765992651992-ZI862NM90A302O9ZK56I/Slide3+copy.webp AIC in Neurodegenerative https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1765992652233-EXJSM2M4UWRIHE8OHV3C/Slide4+copy.webp AIC in Neurodegenerative https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1765992653883-GBITE3T7UJUK5YMI974G/Slide5+copy.webp AIC in Neurodegenerative https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1765992653865-4XXF3V7KHA17T1QQ8VLM/Slide6+copy.webp AIC in Neurodegenerative https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1765992655877-TFX4JEN14D8UJQQJ3TBF/Slide7+copy.webp AIC in Neurodegenerative https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1765992655821-LCW2PS8Y2KZXWCWITE6L/Slide8+copy.webp AIC in Neurodegenerative https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1765992657364-RO0KN9F5WLDE1QC6LC5U/Slide9+copy.webp AIC in Neurodegenerative https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1765992657614-HEKSR8P9NK6F6BWZKDBI/Slide10+copy.webp AIC in Neurodegenerative https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1765992725663-3VC55MZD209BFYHU1YDF/Slide11+copy.webp AIC in Neurodegenerative https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1765992725670-DBWUNDZ8OE550GVECNT8/Slide12+copy.webp AIC in Neurodegenerative https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1765992727293-SQLS1OYWKK6VYE097256/Slide13+copy.webp AIC in Neurodegenerative 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Neurodegenerative https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1765994056709-ZG499NC9H1FMRBJMD9IP/Slide33.webp AIC in Neurodegenerative https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1765994055445-YD99XV94T15Q3XMXTW6Q/Slide34.webp AIC in Neurodegenerative https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1765994056891-SMOCMK42PZ25CLKC6KUW/Slide35.webp AIC in Neurodegenerative https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1765994113477-ORHIS1PPFFQFP29GDASC/Slide36.webp AIC in Neurodegenerative https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1765994111966-1HB1YWVBG1YZRIZ2CH53/Slide37.webp AIC in Neurodegenerative https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1765994113734-RKJPDR02UGZU754YUVCX/Slide38.webp AIC in Neurodegenerative https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1765994252073-DIS3K59ONBMUA4JN9TR5/Slide39.webp AIC in Neurodegenerative https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1765994251946-DA3GDR14NYCDYWZV1L7T/Slide40.webp AIC in Neurodegenerative https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1765994253686-PJZ7H89RN9DO1CTNKP8R/Slide41.webp AIC in Neurodegenerative https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1765994254324-6SDPRYG4JBTZCJRJ6W4D/Slide42.webp AIC in Neurodegenerative https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1765993709726-LDHT8IPRDR8JQ6D5BUG4/Slide46+copy.webp AIC in Neurodegenerative https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1765993709778-5P3YRP9DYQ2DPY716EX3/Slide47+copy.webp AIC in Neurodegenerative https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1765993711038-HNDEEW47WYG034T5OV7K/Slide48+copy.webp AIC in Neurodegenerative 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Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1603053874320-JL3H71C7RWJ68AF7NHDG/Transparent2.png AIC in Neurodegenerative - Alzheimer’s study “Collectively, the available data show that perturbed cellular calcium homeostasis plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of AD, suggesting potential benefits of preventive and therapeutic strategies that stabilize cellular calcium homeostasis.” - Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine https://www.aictherapy.com/aic-in-cancer daily 0.75 2026-02-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1684536962168-RJZKYJEPOQ83YHDD3CO9/shutterstock_1187708467.jpg AIC in Cancer https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/a89d39b4-bb7c-4c41-aff7-a13d8c515c31/Firefly+dark+blue+background+beautiful+%28no+person+just+background+sky+only%29+65932.jpg AIC in Cancer https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/824cc6c8-a5be-4412-9ea3-bb2f520a1d48/Firefly+full+recovery+from+ongoing+cancer+smile+%28younger+beautiful+blond+lady%29+her+head+wrapped+in+b.jpg AIC in Cancer https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1765641301412-O92K558OEHXY1Z8PARTN/Slide1+copy.webp AIC in Cancer https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1765641301948-OBQNJ00BW41JNL5W2PWP/Slide2+copy.webp AIC in Cancer https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1765641302869-YI6X2R96Y3BSH2KPMRNY/Slide4+copy.webp AIC in Cancer https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1765641303312-5HXURJEFXCP9RPS8LVCP/Slide5+copy.webp AIC in Cancer https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1765641304410-79LFL7VK4BTRCXZM2PMH/Slide6+copy.webp AIC in Cancer 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https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/ecddec5b-638d-4339-9753-4f1e3371b64e/Slide58+copy.webp AIC in Cancer - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/a6bdd384-ad9f-4813-8690-b2073b098f03/Slide59+copy.webp AIC in Cancer - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/d517b985-90ba-4ff5-b445-2b15c36e7be5/Slide60+copy.webp AIC in Cancer - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/812a2510-e5cb-43cd-b090-01baf4dacfed/Slide61+copy.webp AIC in Cancer - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/4f651894-fd9b-4175-98b2-0b2d376f125f/Slide62+copy.webp AIC in Cancer - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/10e07839-368e-43e1-8c1b-1832a2e37e71/Slide63+copy.webp AIC in Cancer - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/ed5e143d-84e4-49cf-9264-c372ab60db7f/1.webp AIC in Cancer - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/88265f36-2a35-489b-ace9-b2cd101cdb4f/Slide1+copy.webp AIC in Cancer - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/5b21ca1d-a58b-4eb0-ba8a-5e2f50a9b992/Slide2+copy.webp AIC in Cancer - Calcium Dysfunction leads to mitochondrial dysfunction “During the past two decades calcium (Ca2+) accumulation in energized mitochondria has emerged as a biological process of utmost physiological relevance. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake was shown to control intracellular Ca2+ signalling, cell metabolism, cell survival and other cell-type specific functions by buffering cytosolic Ca2+ levels and regulating mitochondrial effectors. Recently, the identity of mitochondrial Ca2+ transporters has been revealed, opening new perspectives for investigation and molecular intervention. ” https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/06c4e0b7-40a9-4c1c-9b3c-5a3857e3ac6e/2.webp AIC in Cancer - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.aictherapy.com/aic-in-autoimmunity daily 0.75 2025-12-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/d532974d-76e0-4b87-bebe-64621663ac80/Cover1+copy.webp AIC in Autoimmunity https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/464a0b10-4a18-48ec-9bf7-146c1a9ed79f/Cover2+copy.webp AIC in Autoimmunity https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/42d18eba-5ea4-43a5-8847-3392f06f7a31/Slide1+copy.webp AIC in Autoimmunity - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. 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Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/a10ba508-ce3c-4038-bcf8-572ef8a8cf01/Screenshot%2B2023-06-01%2Bat%2B4.34.27%2BPM+copy.webp AIC Online Books - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/ee462755-acfd-4279-ac3c-d2d4822e0041/Screenshot%2B2024-02-05%2Bat%2B10.03.18%2BPM+copy.webp AIC Online Books - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/c83b5188-2faf-4d5a-a396-ad2dce448e0d/Screenshot%2B2023-05-26%2Bat%2B8.20.44%2BPM+copy.webp AIC Online Books - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.aictherapy.com/research-hero-2 daily 0.75 2026-01-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1604710135734-DT9VF9SRV1UCGCN4FOUA/Research_Hero.jpg Research Hero https://www.aictherapy.com/research-content-2 daily 0.75 2025-03-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/6b03612e-6ca1-46d3-bee9-02500225e819/Screenshot+2025-02-17+at+6.33.52%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content AKT activation enhances resistance to apoptosis and induces cell survival signaling through multiple downstream pathways. We now present evidence that AKT is activated in HTLV-1-transformed cells and that Tax activation ofAKT is linked to NF-jB activation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/686b13fc-c14b-4bdc-9333-b8756d9b3f23/Screenshot+2025-02-17+at+6.36.52%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content Fifteen human placentas were obtained at term. Placental fragments were incubated in a bicarbonate-buffered Earle's solution. Additions of glutamate (1 mM) or glutamine (1 or 2 mM) were made. All incubations showed a net utilization of glucose. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/cbf7ad26-0f99-400c-b709-4055c5e11694/Screenshot+2025-02-18+at+5.23.38%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content The development of malignant tumors results from deregulated proliferation or an inability of cells to undergo apoptotic cell death. Experimental works of the past decade have highlighted the importance of calcium (Ca2 þ ) in the regulation of apoptosis. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/b5cd16f6-401f-4950-945b-d00a81e03457/Screenshot+2025-02-20+at+3.32.24%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content Electroporation, a method for increasing the permeability of membranes to ions and small molecules, is used in the clinic with chemotherapeutic drugs for cancer treatment. Electroporation with calcium causes ATP (adenosine triphosphate) depletion and cancer cell death and could be a novel cancer treatment. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/995f9ec3-7c56-4f9d-8ca1-fefba9215c26/Screenshot+2025-02-27+at+4.53.58%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content High calcium consumption may confer a reduced risk of colorectal cancer. Dai and colleagues recently reported in a case-control study that intake of calcium may be associated with a decreased risk of colorectal adenoma only when the dietary calcium:magnesium intake ratio is low. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1e481f0d-3593-49a1-a80b-fe24728c8331/Screenshot+2025-02-27+at+5.01.25%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content Calcineurin (PP2B), a serine threonine kinase controlled by cellular calcium, was originally identified by Klee and colleagues in extracts of mammalian brain. Within the past few years this phosphatase has been implicated in a wide variety of biological responses including lymphocyte activation, neuronal and muscle development, axonal pathfinding and morphogenesis of vertebrate heart valves. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/6aeb7fd7-b928-4ecb-b327-8a54b03ff7aa/Screenshot+2025-02-20+at+6.03.54%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content This study aimed to evaluate a complex association between dietary vitamin D, calcium, and retinol intake and pancreatic cancer risk. Methods Pancreatic cancer cases (n = 532) diagnosed in 1995–1999 were identified using rapid case ascertainment methods and were frequently matched to population-based controls (n = 1,701) in the San Francisco Bay Area. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/eea72587-3cb7-4e17-b047-c3e70ff60cae/Screenshot+2025-02-24+at+2.16.40%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content A high calcium intake, mainly from dairy products, may increase prostate cancer risk by lowering concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin, a hormone thought to protect against prostate cancer. The results of epidemiologic studies of this hypothesis are inconclusive. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1d1037f8-33e8-4561-8c2f-910665e01742/Screenshot+2025-02-24+at+2.27.18%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content Electroporation with calcium (calcium electroporation) can induce ATP depletion-associated cellular death. In the clinical setting, the cytotoxic drug bleomycin is currently used with electroporation (electrochemotherapy) for palliative treatment of tumors. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/172d0a29-0058-4512-9d6d-d11908a6571e/Screenshot+2025-02-24+at+2.53.14%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content Electroporation of cells with short, high-voltage pulses causes a transient permeabilization of cell membranes that permits passage of otherwise nonpermeating ions and molecules. In this study, we illustrate how electroporation with isotonic calcium can achieve highly effective cancer cell kill in vivo. Calcium electroporation elicited dramatic antitumor responses in which 89% of treated tumors were eliminated. Histologic analyses indicated complete tumor necrosis. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/406b5f28-4155-409f-9a92-857fa6f833ed/Screenshot+2025-02-24+at+3.02.39%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content The calcium signal is implicated in a variety of processes important in tumor progression (e.g. proliferation and invasiveness). The calcium signal has also been shown to be important in other processes important in cancer progression including the development of resistance to current cancer therapies. In this review, we discuss how Ca2+ channels, pumps and exchangers may be drug targets in some cancer types. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/c7e54a64-57a6-4c8b-8f41-18bcf6d1fc03/Screenshot+2025-02-24+at+3.09.23%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content Senescence is one of the primary responses to the activation of oncoproteins or down-regulation of tumor suppressors in normal cells and is therefore considered as being anti-tumorigenic but the mechanisms controlling this process are still much unknown. Calcium (Ca2+) plays a major role in many cellular processes and calcium channels control many of the “hallmarks of cancer” but their involvement in tumor initiation is poorly understood and remains unclear. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/c587cf89-d111-4012-9569-1cbf569b9598/Screenshot+2025-02-24+at+3.18.24%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content The mitochondrial calcium uniporter is an evolutionarily conserved calcium channel, and its biophysical properties and relevance to cell death, bioenergetics and signalling have been investigated for decades. However, the genes encoding this channel have only recently been discovered, opening up a new ‘molecular era’ in the study of its biology. We now know that the uniporter is not a single protein but rather a macromolecular complex consisting of pore-forming and regulatory subunits. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/596ca335-2643-4b50-bd39-2d2345fc695d/Screenshot+2025-02-24+at+3.31.30%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content Lung cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the world. Calcium is a ubiquitous cellular signal, which is crucial in cancer. This review presents regulation of calcium signaling in lung cancer. Altered expression of specific Ca2+ channels and Ca2+-binding proteins are characterizing features of lung cancer, which regulate cell signaling pathway leading to cell proliferation or apoptosis. Chemoresistance is frequent in lung cancer. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/f94c7681-e957-4c76-8ad3-5b85287513b9/Screenshot+2025-02-24+at+3.40.45%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content Killing cancer cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and by natural killer (NK) cells is of vital importance. Cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis depend on the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, and the expression of numerous ion channels with the ability to control intracellular Ca2+ concentrations has been correlated with cancer. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/0a2c31c4-892b-4c75-b750-54e179e5312c/Screenshot+2025-02-24+at+3.53.27%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content The common preference of cancers for lactic acid-generating metabolic energy pathways has led to proposals that their reprogrammed metabolism confers growth advantages such as decreased susceptibility to hypoxic stress. Recent observations, however, suggest that it generates a novel way for cancer survival. There is increasing evidence that cancers can escape immune destruction by suppressing the anti-cancer immune response through maintaining a relatively low pH in their micro-environment. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/c6a4dd9e-b3e7-4f2b-bfa0-941944fc5ef8/Screenshot+2025-02-24+at+6.09.07%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content We investigated in this study the contributions of S100B and calcium-dependent PKC (cPKC) signalling pathways to the activation of wild-type p53. We first confirmed that S100B expression in mouse embryo fibroblasts enhanced specific nuclear accumulation of wild-type p53. We next demonstrated that wild-type p53 nuclear translocation and accumulation is dependent on cPKC activity. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/7ca914c5-eea9-44ce-ac7f-b96a39e8127a/Screenshot+2025-02-24+at+6.30.01%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content Increased cancer risk is associated with select dietary factors. Dietary lifestyles can alter systemic acid-base balance over time. Acidogenic diets, which are typically high in animal protein and salt and low in fruits and vegetables, can lead to a sub-clinical or low-grade state of metabolic acidosis. The relationship between diet and cancer risk prompts questions about the role of acidosis in the initiation and progression of cancer. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/5349ec84-7fe8-44bd-a3a4-f1b9ce91d4c1/Screenshot+2025-02-24+at+6.38.50%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content DNA repair ability is reduced in a variety of pathologic conditions. In addition, in some of these diseases a disturbance in cellular Ca homeostasis occurs or cytosolic [Ca 2+] responses to various stimuli are impaired. The leading environmental cause for genomal DNA damage is ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The aims of the present study were (I) to evaluate a possible dependence of UV-induced DNA repair ability on cytosolic Ca 2+ in human lymphocytes and (2) to assess the direct effect of UV irradiation on Ca 2+ homeostasis in these cells. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/e331a035-f128-4356-a676-0ccf0f59e162/Screenshot+2025-02-26+at+6.14.41%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are associated with the majority of cervical cancers and encode a transforming protein, E6, that interacts with the tumor suppressor protein p53. Because E6 has p53-independent transforming activity, the yeast two-hybrid system was used to search for other E6-binding proteins. One such protein, E6BP, interacted with cancer-associated HPV E6 and with bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) E6. The transforming activity of BPV-1 E6 mutants correlated with their E6BP-binding ability. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/d7b4de42-efab-4888-8e87-159dc9b32b0e/Screenshot+2025-02-26+at+6.21.56%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content XRCC4 is a non-homologous end-joining protein employed in DNA double-strand break repair and in V(D)J recombination. In mice, XRCC4-deficiency causes a pleiotropic phenotype, which includes embryonic lethality and massive neuronal apoptosis. When DNA damage is not repaired, activating the cell cycle checkpoint protein p53 can lead to apoptosis. Here, we show that p53-de®ciency rescues several aspects of the XRCC4-deficient phenotype, including embryonic lethality, neuronal apoptosis, and impaired cellular proliferation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/cbbd3a0c-a0ae-463d-a460-48b814b71e82/Screenshot+2025-02-27+at+12.09.09%E2%80%AFAM.png Research Content Here we report a flexible amperometric lactate biosensor using silver nanoparticle based conductive electrode. Mechanically bendable cross-serpentine-shaped silver electrode is generated on flexible substrate for the mechanical durability such as bending. The biosensor is designed and fabricated by modifying silver electrode with lactate oxidase immobilized by bovine serum albumin. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/43e4ac2f-f7a5-45b4-9173-1bb37276bc24/Screenshot+2025-02-27+at+12.14.31%E2%80%AFAM.png Research Content Cellular stresses, such as growth factor deprivation, DNA damage or oncogene expression, lead to stabilization and activation of the p53 tumour suppressor protein. Depending on the cellular context, this results in one of two different outcomes: cell cycle arrest or apoptotic cell death. Cell death induced through the p53 pathway is executed by the caspase proteinases, which, by cleaving their substrates, lead to the characteristic https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/06a9c771-6cdb-4a91-b54c-e16e0e1df6fa/Screenshot+2025-02-27+at+12.21.28%E2%80%AFAM.png Research Content Human cells lacking functional p53 exhibit a partial deficiency in nucleotide excision repair (NER), the pathway for repair of UV-induced DNA damage. The global genomic repair (GGR) subpathway of NER, but not transcription-coupled repair (TCR), is mainly affected by p53 loss or inactivation. We have utilized mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking p53 genes or downstream effector genes of the p53 pathway, gadd45 (Gadd45a) or p21 (Cdkn1a), as well as MEFs lacking both gadd45 and p21 genes to address the potential contribution of these downstream effectors to p53-associated DNA repair. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/51b0afb7-f7bc-4571-a753-6e318d2e5ada/Screenshot+2025-02-27+at+12.38.54%E2%80%AFAM.png Research Content Many cellular stimuli result in the induction of both the tumor suppressor p53 and NF-kB. In contrast to activation of p53, which is associated with the induction of apoptosis, stimulation of NF-kB has been shown to promote resistance to programmed cell death. These observations suggest that a regulatory mechanism must exist to integrate these opposing outcomes and coordinate this critical cellular decision-making event. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/42578b13-ce6e-4065-9f64-01fe2b86b162/Screenshot+2025-02-27+at+12.44.31%E2%80%AFAM.png Research Content The tumor suppressor p53 is a key protein in preventing cell transformation and tumor progression. Activated by a variety of stimuli, p53 regulates cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Along with its well-documented transcriptional control over cell-death programs within the nucleus, p53 exerts crucial although still poorly understood functions in the cytoplasm, directly modulating the apoptotic response at the mitochondrial level. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/27f9a6a0-65e9-47a7-84e1-24881b487584/Screenshot+2025-02-27+at+12.49.07%E2%80%AFAM.png Research Content p53 plays an essential part in the maintenance of the cellular genetic stability after a DNA-damaging event such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Following UV radiation, the amount of p53 protein is elevated. The increased p53 is believed to induce cell cycle arrest, promote nucleotide excision repair (NER) and apoptosis. To study if cells respond differently to high- and low-dose UV radiation, we examined the DNA repair efficiency and apoptosis rate of human and murine fibroblasts after UV radiation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/67270061-9c5b-4172-894a-a933f8cd3b87/Screenshot+2025-02-27+at+12.54.29%E2%80%AFAM.png Research Content The p53 tumour suppressor protein is a highly potent transcription factor which, under normal circumstances, is maintained at low levels through the action of MDM2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase which directs p53 ubiquitylation and degradation. Expression of the mdm2 gene is stimulated by p53 and this reciprocal relationship forms the basis of a negative feedback loop. Both genotoxic and non-genotoxic stresses that induce p53 focus principally on interruption of the p53-MDM2 loop with the consequence that p53 becomes stabilized, leading to changes in the expression of p53-responsive genes. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/d45cff74-5cb5-4f85-bc47-105c39fb1407/Screenshot+2025-02-27+at+1.01.03%E2%80%AFAM.png Research Content Activation of the p53 transcription factor in response to a variety of cellular stresses, including DNA damage and oncogene activation, initiates a program of gene expression that blocks the proliferative expansion of damaged cells. While the beneficial impact of the anti-cancer function of p53 is well established, several recent papers suggest that p53 activation may in some circumstances act in a manner detrimental to the long-term homeostasis of the organism. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/106c1c13-806c-4903-b471-60215f84bd23/Screenshot+2025-02-27+at+2.19.01%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) signalling pathway plays a key role in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation. We show that the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway is constitutively active in primary acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells and that blockade by the selective inhibitor LY294002 reduces survival of the total blast population (mean 52%). The ERK/MAPK module is also constitutively active and treatment with the MAPKK inhibitor U0126 reduces cell survival by 22%. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/0c7dff45-6da1-4f37-b89e-b6a8a1e478dc/Screenshot+2025-02-27+at+2.26.21%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content Apoptosis is now recognized as an important component in many progressive and acute neurodegenerative diseases. Extracellular signals and intracellular mechanisms triggering and regulating apoptosis in neuronal cells are still a matter of investigation. Here we review data from our and other laboratories with the aim to elucidate the nature of some proteins which are known to be involved in cell cycle regulation as well as in promoting degeneration and apoptosis of neurons. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/730ff638-ec85-4725-a486-e86abffbb17f/Screenshot+2025-02-27+at+2.34.06%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content S100B protein is elevated in the brains of patients with early stages of Alzheimer’s disease and Down’s syndrome. S100A4 is correlated with the development of metastasis. Both proteins bind to p53 tumor suppressor. We found that both S100B and S100A4 bind to the tetramerization domain of p53 (residues 325–355) only when exposed in lower oligomerization states and so they disrupt the tetramerization of p53. In addition, S100B binds to the negative regulatory and nuclear localization domains, which results in a very tight binding to p53 protein sequences that exposed the tetramerization domain in their C terminus. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/a99338c1-7cea-4563-ad7d-c634cbef426e/Screenshot+2025-02-27+at+2.41.43%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content Calcium is an important ubiquitous second messenger regarding the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, and is therefore tightly regulated. Calcium induces cell death when internalised into cancer cells after permeabilization of the cell membrane by electroporation. It is established that radiation causes damage to the lipids and proteins of the cell membrane; and ionizing radiation also causes permeabilization of the cell membrane by peroxidation of the phosphor-lipid layer. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/b2d5a685-6703-43fc-867d-0260fbed59b5/Screenshot+2025-02-27+at+2.51.29%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content S100B is an EF-hand containing calcium-binding protein of the S100 protein family that exerts its biological effect by binding and affecting various target proteins. A consensus sequence for S100B target proteins was published as (K/R)(L/I)xWxxIL and matches a region in the actin capping protein CapZ (V.V. Ivanenkov, G.A. Jamieson, Jr., E. Gruenstein, R.V. Dimlich, Characterization of S-100b binding epitopes. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/8f93e607-1828-4bad-bce7-c1b927c3511e/Screenshot+2025-02-27+at+3.59.36%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content p53 has been implicated in the activation of both death-receptor and Apaf-1-dependent apoptosis. Signalling through death receptors such as tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) generates both pro- and anti-apoptotic signals, and activation of NF-kB functions to protect cells from death under these circumstances. In other situations, however, NF-kB contributes to apoptosis. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/ff12936d-ee30-49b4-87ab-8b6be2d8b94d/Screenshot+2025-02-27+at+4.05.08%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) represents the molecular mechanism by which parathyroid cells detect changes in blood ionized calcium concentration and modulate parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion to maintain serum calcium levels within a narrow physiological range. Much has been learned in recent years about the diversity of signal transduction through the CaSR and the various factors that affect receptor expression. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1cd65a3a-e654-449c-a6d7-39408ad95110/Screenshot+2025-02-27+at+4.14.59%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content Although the mainstay of treatment for hormone responsive breast tumors is targeted endocrine therapy, many patients develop de novo or acquired resistance and are treated with chemotherapeutic drugs. The vast majority (80%) of estrogen receptor positive tumors also express wild type p53 protein that is a major determinant of the DNA damage response. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/fa45912f-bd9e-4a69-a1ae-584bb609e276/Screenshot+2025-02-27+at+4.21.46%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content The integration of calcium and a p53–Mdm2 oscillator model is studied using a deterministic as well as a stochastic approach, to investigate the impact of a calcium wave on single cell dynamics and on the inter-oscillator interaction. The high dose of calcium in the system activates the nitric oxide synthase, synthesizing nitric oxide which then downregulates Mdm2 and influences drastically the p53–Mdm2 network regulation, lifting the system from a normal to a stressed state. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/8c49f307-3682-4376-a064-a3b535a16e60/Screenshot+2025-02-27+at+4.27.56%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content The pathways and identification of cell injury and cell death are of key importance to the practice of diagnostic and research toxicologic pathology. Following a lethal injury, cellular reactions are initially reversible. Currently, we recognize two patterns, oncosis and apoptosis. Oncosis, derived from the Greek word "swelling," is the common pattern of change in infarcts and in zonal killing following chemical toxicity, e.g., centrilobular hepatic necrosis after CC14 toxicity. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/7a1d3c41-866e-4e8a-8e09-c0ee3bc89f61/Screenshot+2025-02-27+at+4.37.53%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content The p53 tumour-suppressor gene is mutated in 60% of human tumours, and the product of the gene acts as a suppressor of cell division. It is thought that the growth-suppressive effects of p53 are mediated through the transcriptional transactivation activity of the protein. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/61d69e45-0d7b-495b-84ec-052ce9eb95ed/Screenshot+2025-02-27+at+4.43.25%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content Loss of p53 function occurs during the development of most, if not all, tumour types. This paves the way for genomic instability, tumour-associated changes in metabolism, insensitivity to apoptotic signals, invasiveness and motility. However, the nature of the causal link between early tumorigenic events and the induction of the p53-mediated checkpoints that constitute a barrier to tumour progression remains uncertain https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/82735da3-49df-4a85-91f0-56380ad4159c/Screenshot+2025-02-27+at+4.48.39%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content Calcium is a ubiquitous second messenger that regulates many cellular functions, including cell growth, differentiation and neural signal transduction. S100A and S100B proteins are members of a growing subfamily of the EF-hand calcium binding protein superfamily, possessing ~40% sequence identity. The S100B protein is one of the ‘elite’ proteins in the field of calcium signaling, being implicated in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis1 as well as in Down’s syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/e961a6a8-bc3f-4f84-ae97-3af2bea942a7/Screenshot+2025-02-27+at+5.07.37%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content Calcium transport and calcium signalling mechanisms in bone cells have, in many cases, been discovered by study of diseases with disordered bone metabolism. Calcium matrix deposition is driven primarily by phosphate production, and disorders in bone deposition include abnormalities in membrane phosphate transport such as in chondrocalcinosis, and defects in phosphate-producing enzymes such as in hypophosphatasia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/ccb8b0c6-4acf-488c-942b-76dbb15f63cc/Screenshot+2025-02-28+at+12.44.38%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed HIV infection from a terminal disease to a manageable chronic illness. While incidence of AIDS-defining conditions has declined, other comorbidities have increased (1), including osteoporosis and fragility fractures (2-7). Both viral and host factors likely contribute to bone loss and fracture risk: HIV infection mediated by certain viral proteins, HIV-associated inflammation, lifestyle and behavioral factors, underlying genetic predisposition, comorbidities, and ART (8-14). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/7e692aea-1b1b-4b9b-bffb-6b562b1feb44/Screenshot+2025-02-28+at+2.16.34%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Sigma Anti-bonding Molecule Calcium Carbonate (SAC) as therapy for ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats. Three weeks after surgery, fifteen ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into 3 groups: sham-operated group (sham), ovariectomized group (OVX) and SAC-treatment group (OVX+SAC). The OVX+SAC group was given drinking water containing 0.0012% SAC for 12 weeks. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/c87be769-b6ca-4dc1-86dc-7382e7e2f975/Screenshot+2025-02-28+at+2.41.08%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and aging result in impaired ability to store memories, but the cellular mechanisms responsible for these defects are poorly understood. Presenilin 1 (PS1) mutations are responsible for many early-onset familial AD (FAD) cases. The phenomenon of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) is widely used in studies of memory formation and storage. Recent data revealed long-term LTP maintenance (L-LTP) is impaired in PS1-M146V knock-in (KI) FAD mice. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/a2093bc7-c125-4e8f-833d-5ca84bb26f69/Screenshot+2025-02-28+at+2.42.25%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by the selective and progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons (MNs) of the brainstem, spinal cord and cerebral cortex. Key discoveries in the field of ALS have exponentially increased since it was first described in 1869 by Jean Martin Charcot, and the identification in 1993 of the first ALS-causing mutations in the gene encoding the well-studied antioxidant enzyme Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/94a571e6-e224-443f-a119-85c69e6ec646/Screenshot+2025-02-28+at+3.06.51%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the disease of lost memories. Synaptic loss is a major reason for memory defects in AD. Signaling pathways involved in memory loss in AD are under intense investigation. The role of deranged neuronal calcium (Ca2+) signaling in synaptic loss in AD is described in this review. Familial AD (FAD) mutations in presenilins are linked directly with synaptic Ca2+ signaling abnormalities, most likely by affecting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ leak function of presenilins. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/68fa4057-6fef-4a5f-8dea-8907a03e0af0/Screenshot+2025-02-28+at+3.17.08%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-linked presenilin mutations result in pronounced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium disruptions that occur prior to detectable histopathology and cognitive deficits. More subtly, these early AD-linked calcium alterations also reset neurophysiological homeostasis, such that calcium-dependent pre- and postsynaptic signaling appear functionally normal yet are actually operating under aberrant calcium signaling systems. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/78fdee55-79de-4629-9cce-74af4d369cd6/Screenshot+2025-02-28+at+3.40.57%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content Trains of action potentials evoked rises in presynaptic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) at the squid giant synapse. These increases in [Ca2+]i were spatially nonuniform during the trains, but rapidly equilibrated after the trains and slowly declined over hundreds of seconds. The trains also elicited synaptic depression and augmentation, both of which developed during stimulation and declined within a few seconds afterward. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/6e7b656f-2634-42ed-a109-7e4f104d3401/Screenshot+2025-02-28+at+4.06.25%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content Modeling and simulation of the calcium signaling events that precede long-term depression of synaptic activity in cerebellar Purkinje cells are performed using the Virtual Cell biological modeling framework. It is found that the unusually high density and low sensitivity of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R) are critical to the ability of the cell to generate and localize a calcium spike in a single dendritic spine. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/52421d53-660a-4841-b4e6-73f14fca49ff/Screenshot+2025-02-28+at+4.59.34%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by widespread inflammation, focal demyelination and a variable degree of axonal and neuronal loss. Ionic conductances regulate T cell activation as well as neuronal function and thus have been found to play a crucial role in MS pathogenesis. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/7472a6f5-ed1f-4ed3-bb90-4e4097a31578/Screenshot+2025-02-28+at+5.09.39%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content A number of bone-filling materials containing calcium (Ca2+) and phosphate (P) ions have been used in the repair of periodontal bone defects; however, the effects that local release of Ca2+ and P ions has on biological reactions are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of various levels of Ca2+ and P ions on the proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/e1867d8c-aa07-4616-86a1-87dbca8d9dfc/Screenshot+2025-02-28+at+5.15.29%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content Myocardial calcium signalling is a vital component of the normal physiological function of the heart. Key amongst the many roles calcium plays is its use as the primary signalling component of excitation–contraction coupling, the intracellular process that links cardiomyocyte depolarisation to contraction. Defective cellular calcium handling, due to abnormalities of the various components which mediate and control excitation–contraction coupling, is widely recognised as a significant patho-physiological event in the contractile dysfunction of the failing heart. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/479c1e6c-11d4-42d7-9b91-96c2477c85ad/Screenshot+2025-02-28+at+5.20.21%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content Cardiac arrhythmia, caused by disruption of the coordinated electrical activity of heart, is among the leading causes of sudden cardiac death in United States. Intracellular calcium dynamics in cardiac cells have been recognized as an important contributor in life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia (ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation) as well as increasingly prevalent atrial arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation [AF] and flutter). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/763674e7-b3c9-46ba-aecf-080fd62269ce/Screenshot+2025-02-28+at+5.32.13%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content Hyperglycemia in Diabetes Mellitus is known to have its effect on almost all body system through alterations in structural and biochemical changes in tissues.From this study it is hypothesized that alteration in calcium flux may adversely affect the insulin secretion as it is a calcium dependent process. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/816d7e9b-da8c-43c7-a490-219a2ab2e3ac/Screenshot+2025-02-28+at+5.45.00%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content Decreased bone mineral density (BMD) is prevalent in HIV-infected patients. Bisphosphonates are currently the mainstay of treatment for postmenopausal and male osteoporosis in HIV-uninfected individuals; however, their efficacy and safety in HIV-infected patients remains unclear. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/0f5a20eb-fc9d-4e44-b68b-e710bf05bf2b/Screenshot+2025-02-28+at+5.53.31%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content Osteopenia and osteoporosis are frequent complications of HIV infection and/or its treatment. Alendronate is the only bisphosphonate approved for the treatment of osteoporosis in men and women. We conducted a 48-week prospective, randomized, openlabel study to evaluate the effects of alendronate, vitamin D, and calcium supplementation on bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with HIV infection. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/ef32d8ec-815a-4035-ac41-0440eef75093/Screenshot+2025-02-28+at+6.02.37%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content Lyme borreliosis is transmitted through the bite of a tick that is infected by the bacterial spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. Clinical manifestation of the disease can lead to heart conditions, neurological disorders, and inflammatory disorders. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of oxidative stress and intracellular communication in Lyme borreliosis patients. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/9845aa11-d5cf-4b1e-90bb-4444ca484f2f/Screenshot+2025-02-28+at+6.08.38%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content Epidemiological data suggest that calcium intake may influence lipid metabolism. It is unknown whether this influence also occurs in individuals with HIV/AIDS. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between dietary calcium, dairy food intake and metabolic parameters in individuals with HIV/AIDS. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/0142fbae-e1f0-4be2-af21-d1a1f69d4990/Screenshot+2025-02-28+at+6.28.55%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content It is known that exogenous RNA molecules can be taken up by eukaryotic cells and can exert a variety of biological effects both in vitro and in vivo. The modulation of human lymphocytes by exogenous RNAs has medical implications. The exogenous RNA used in this study was obtained from lymphoid organs of animals immunized with the synthetic peptide p12 of HIV-1 and was referred to as p12-RNA. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/40c7c8a6-345a-4a10-8080-6e08f379fd7d/Screenshot+2025-02-28+at+6.33.17%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content Until now, only few data have been reported on calcium levels in these patients. Generally hypocalcaemia has not been considered to be a frequent phenomenon in HIV infection and reports of reduced calcium levels in AIDS have been mostly attributed to hypoalbuminaemia or to pharmacotherapy, e.g. treatment with foscarnet or ketoconazole. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/50a57e28-eff7-48c3-bdf5-ec59c4d121c9/Screenshot+2025-02-28+at+9.21.16%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content Tumour progression is dependent on the interaction between tumour cells and cells of the surrounding microenvironment. The tumour is a dynamic milieu consisting of various cell types such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, cells of the immune system and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs are multipotent stromal cells that are known to reside in various areas such as the bone marrow, fat and dental pulp. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/8e81fd36-72d7-4242-bc17-d753979febf4/Screenshot+2025-02-28+at+9.31.45%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content The role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on breast cancer progression, growth and tumorigenesis remains controversial or unknown. In the present study, we investigated the role of MSCs on breast tumor induction and growth in a clinically relevant somatic breast cancer model. We first conducted in vitro studies and found that conditioned media (CM) of RCASNeu and RCAS-PyMT breast cancer cell lines and tumor cells themselves dramatically increased the proliferation and motility of MSCs and induced morphological changes of MSCs and differentiation into fibroblast-like cells. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/8e66e3d6-33ef-440d-92be-c7c55c08a572/Screenshot+2025-02-28+at+9.36.18%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content Tumor-initiating cells are a subset of tumor cells with the ability to form new tumors; however, they account for less than 0.001% of the cells in colorectal or other types of tumors. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) integrate into the colorectal tumor stroma; we investigated their involvement in tumor initiation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/183525aa-d858-4072-a616-2da1b12e1426/Screenshot+2025-02-28+at+9.42.32%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content It is prevalently known that tumour cells prefer inefficient cellular glycolysis, but no one has proved yet the exact reason of using ineffective cellular respiration mechanism of tumour cells. However, through our research, we have investigated that it is highly related to the lack of intracellular calcium ion because as the insufficient calcium ion causes dysfunction of mitochondria which releases reactive oxygen species (ROS), it causes mitochondrial protein mutation such as TDP-43, FUS and SOD1. Therefore, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) gets stressed and it ultimately causes alteration of RNA synthesis. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/582ab636-0239-4e44-b6e2-97a7af1200be/Screenshot+2025-02-28+at+9.56.08%E2%80%AFPM.png Research Content It is now widely recognised that changes of the intracellular calcium concentration have deep impact on the differentiation of various non-excitable cells including the elements of the vertebrate skeleton. It has become evident that purinergic signalling is one of the most ancient cellular mechanisms that can cause such alterations in the intracellular Ca2+-homeostasis, which are precisely set either spatially or temporally. Purinergic signalling is believed to regulate intracellular Ca2+ concentration of developing cartilage and skeletal muscle cells and suggested to play roles in the modulation of various cellular functions. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/29859563-1e19-48e7-a4ff-a0256355d3dd/Screenshot+2025-03-01+at+12.07.11%E2%80%AFAM.png Research Content Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterised by gradual destruction of articular cartilage and leads to painful and dysfunctional knee-, hip- or hand-joints. With the increasing life expectancy and obesity, the prevalence is expected to rise. In the younger population, joint pain and disability can result from local cartilage defects resulting from injury or disease. After the introduction of autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) as a treatment option for localised cartilage defects in the late 80’s, cell‑based repair techniques have been extensively explored through clinical trials aiming to improve long‑term clinical outcomes. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/60d42619-bb44-44f3-98e9-6cca6736c52a/Screenshot+2025-03-01+at+12.09.52%E2%80%AFAM.png Research Content Undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent an important source for cell-based tissue regeneration techniques that require differentiation towards specific lineages, including chondrocytes. Chondrogenesis, the process by which committed mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes, is controlled by complex but not yet completely understood signalling mechanisms that involve many components, including intracellular signalling pathways, as well as plasma membrane receptors and ion channels. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/6435ca65-1c19-4041-b9d2-518879635fce/Screenshot+2025-03-01+at+12.17.06%E2%80%AFAM.png Research Content Mitochondria play central roles in buffering intracellular Ca2+ transients. While basal mitochondrial Ca2+ (Ca2+ mito) is needed to maintain organellar physiology, Ca2+ mito overload can lead to cell death. How Ca2+ mito homeostasis is regulated is not well understood. Here we show that Miro, a known component of the mitochondrial transport machinery, regulates Drosophila neural stem cell (NSC) development through Ca2+ homeostasis control, independent of its role in mitochondrial transport. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/efba31de-be0d-4b39-9e7d-b705b5a1ca9c/Screenshot+2025-03-01+at+12.22.09%E2%80%AFAM.png Research Content To artificially activate embryos in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), chemical treatment with ionomycin has been used to induce transient levels of Ca²⁺ and initiate reprogramming of embryos. Ca²⁺ oscillation occurs naturally several times after fertilization (several times with 15- to 30-min intervals). This indicates how essential additional Ca²⁺ influx is for successful reprogramming of embryos. Hence, in this report, the experimental design was aimed at improving the developmental efficiency of cloned embryos by repetitive Ca²⁺ transients rather than the commonly used ionomycin treatment (4 min). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/a9359ba4-a0ad-4a9a-b876-7e0ab9db900d/Screenshot+2025-03-01+at+12.31.27%E2%80%AFAM.png Research Content The increasing interest in stem cell research is linked to the promise of developing treatments for many lifethreatening, debilitating diseases, and for cell replacement therapies. However, performing these therapeutic innovations with safety will only be possible when an accurate knowledge about the molecular signals that promote the desired cell fate is reached. https://www.aictherapy.com/research-articles-contact-2 daily 0.75 2026-01-22 https://www.aictherapy.com/research-hero-copy daily 0.75 2025-11-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/89bab626-621f-4609-845e-a6164e7f57bd/Research_Hero.webp Research Sign-Up https://www.aictherapy.com/research-topics daily 0.75 2025-12-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/ee43f184-a00b-4ff5-9558-9a7eb480a6b9/Firefly_several%2Bdoctors%2Bresearching%2Bexperiments%2B826757.webp Research Topics https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/c147738a-92a2-42e8-a0a2-fe534d3804a8/Screenshot%2B2025-02-17%2Bat%2B6.33.52%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics AKT activation enhances resistance to apoptosis and induces cell survival signaling through multiple downstream pathways. We now present evidence that AKT is activated in HTLV-1-transformed cells and that Tax activation ofAKT is linked to NF-jB activation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/395e5f58-f139-4b59-ba26-e34c386e2d42/Screenshot%2B2025-02-17%2Bat%2B6.36.52%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics Fifteen human placentas were obtained at term. Placental fragments were incubated in a bicarbonate-buffered Earle's solution. Additions of glutamate (1 mM) or glutamine (1 or 2 mM) were made. All incubations showed a net utilization of glucose. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/267963c4-b90f-49af-8681-704349e58559/Screenshot%2B2025-02-18%2Bat%2B5.23.38%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics The development of malignant tumors results from deregulated proliferation or an inability of cells to undergo apoptotic cell death. Experimental works of the past decade have highlighted the importance of calcium (Ca2 þ ) in the regulation of apoptosis. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/32a51d27-157d-4db0-95dd-8a384dcfca52/Screenshot%2B2025-02-20%2Bat%2B3.32.24%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics Electroporation, a method for increasing the permeability of membranes to ions and small molecules, is used in the clinic with chemotherapeutic drugs for cancer treatment. Electroporation with calcium causes ATP (adenosine triphosphate) depletion and cancer cell death and could be a novel cancer treatment. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/55ff25a8-b1a4-402e-b541-1fd225ee4c3b/Screenshot%2B2025-02-27%2Bat%2B4.53.58%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics High calcium consumption may confer a reduced risk of colorectal cancer. Dai and colleagues recently reported in a case-control study that intake of calcium may be associated with a decreased risk of colorectal adenoma only when the dietary calcium:magnesium intake ratio is low. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/80022add-a62f-4b54-9022-0855615578c8/Screenshot%2B2025-02-27%2Bat%2B5.01.25%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics Calcineurin (PP2B), a serine threonine kinase controlled by cellular calcium, was originally identified by Klee and colleagues in extracts of mammalian brain. Within the past few years this phosphatase has been implicated in a wide variety of biological responses including lymphocyte activation, neuronal and muscle development, axonal pathfinding and morphogenesis of vertebrate heart valves. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/9d0eb51e-bac2-4ad1-a700-68b4a92ab7eb/Screenshot%2B2025-02-20%2Bat%2B6.03.54%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics This study aimed to evaluate a complex association between dietary vitamin D, calcium, and retinol intake and pancreatic cancer risk. Methods Pancreatic cancer cases (n = 532) diagnosed in 1995–1999 were identified using rapid case ascertainment methods and were frequently matched to population-based controls (n = 1,701) in the San Francisco Bay Area. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/5346e2b9-b089-4854-b54e-66529fc6816b/Screenshot%2B2025-02-24%2Bat%2B2.16.40%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics A high calcium intake, mainly from dairy products, may increase prostate cancer risk by lowering concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin, a hormone thought to protect against prostate cancer. The results of epidemiologic studies of this hypothesis are inconclusive. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/7b0681db-25aa-466b-a4d9-4c5771583d29/Screenshot%2B2025-02-24%2Bat%2B2.27.18%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics Electroporation with calcium (calcium electroporation) can induce ATP depletion-associated cellular death. In the clinical setting, the cytotoxic drug bleomycin is currently used with electroporation (electrochemotherapy) for palliative treatment of tumors. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/971fbf9c-39d8-404c-bf61-edf582d8872a/Screenshot%2B2025-02-24%2Bat%2B2.53.14%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics Electroporation of cells with short, high-voltage pulses causes a transient permeabilization of cell membranes that permits passage of otherwise nonpermeating ions and molecules. In this study, we illustrate how electroporation with isotonic calcium can achieve highly effective cancer cell kill in vivo. Calcium electroporation elicited dramatic antitumor responses in which 89% of treated tumors were eliminated. Histologic analyses indicated complete tumor necrosis. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/6b696af5-b7fb-4b16-a56d-0661bbf20a3c/Screenshot%2B2025-02-24%2Bat%2B3.02.39%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics The calcium signal is implicated in a variety of processes important in tumor progression (e.g. proliferation and invasiveness). The calcium signal has also been shown to be important in other processes important in cancer progression including the development of resistance to current cancer therapies. In this review, we discuss how Ca2+ channels, pumps and exchangers may be drug targets in some cancer types. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/3570067b-0626-4f03-8bf9-89c4af7ad1a5/Screenshot%2B2025-02-24%2Bat%2B3.09.23%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics Senescence is one of the primary responses to the activation of oncoproteins or down-regulation of tumor suppressors in normal cells and is therefore considered as being anti-tumorigenic but the mechanisms controlling this process are still much unknown. Calcium (Ca2+) plays a major role in many cellular processes and calcium channels control many of the “hallmarks of cancer” but their involvement in tumor initiation is poorly understood and remains unclear. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/3221edd4-c152-45c3-a26c-19ba6e0dbe51/Screenshot%2B2025-02-24%2Bat%2B3.18.24%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics The mitochondrial calcium uniporter is an evolutionarily conserved calcium channel, and its biophysical properties and relevance to cell death, bioenergetics and signalling have been investigated for decades. However, the genes encoding this channel have only recently been discovered, opening up a new ‘molecular era’ in the study of its biology. We now know that the uniporter is not a single protein but rather a macromolecular complex consisting of pore-forming and regulatory subunits. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/586990a1-0fd4-4a86-947a-1e5943efc010/Screenshot%2B2025-02-24%2Bat%2B3.31.30%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics Lung cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the world. Calcium is a ubiquitous cellular signal, which is crucial in cancer. This review presents regulation of calcium signaling in lung cancer. Altered expression of specific Ca2+ channels and Ca2+-binding proteins are characterizing features of lung cancer, which regulate cell signaling pathway leading to cell proliferation or apoptosis. Chemoresistance is frequent in lung cancer. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/2bff1f5c-dc60-4f4d-8421-90ef923831cc/Screenshot%2B2025-02-24%2Bat%2B3.40.45%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics Killing cancer cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and by natural killer (NK) cells is of vital importance. Cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis depend on the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, and the expression of numerous ion channels with the ability to control intracellular Ca2+ concentrations has been correlated with cancer. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/381c86f3-8bda-46bb-9eb5-c15d62a8e9fb/Screenshot%2B2025-02-24%2Bat%2B3.53.27%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics The common preference of cancers for lactic acid-generating metabolic energy pathways has led to proposals that their reprogrammed metabolism confers growth advantages such as decreased susceptibility to hypoxic stress. Recent observations, however, suggest that it generates a novel way for cancer survival. There is increasing evidence that cancers can escape immune destruction by suppressing the anti-cancer immune response through maintaining a relatively low pH in their micro-environment. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/f7f73dad-d494-4700-8c80-f641cf0e7b18/Screenshot%2B2025-02-24%2Bat%2B6.09.07%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics We investigated in this study the contributions of S100B and calcium-dependent PKC (cPKC) signalling pathways to the activation of wild-type p53. We first confirmed that S100B expression in mouse embryo fibroblasts enhanced specific nuclear accumulation of wild-type p53. We next demonstrated that wild-type p53 nuclear translocation and accumulation is dependent on cPKC activity. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1ed26b90-b9d5-4b75-8fa7-a70981bf910f/Screenshot%2B2025-02-24%2Bat%2B6.30.01%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics Increased cancer risk is associated with select dietary factors. Dietary lifestyles can alter systemic acid-base balance over time. Acidogenic diets, which are typically high in animal protein and salt and low in fruits and vegetables, can lead to a sub-clinical or low-grade state of metabolic acidosis. The relationship between diet and cancer risk prompts questions about the role of acidosis in the initiation and progression of cancer. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/fc5cafce-8d32-4db5-bbb0-9c40a94a84b5/Screenshot%2B2025-02-24%2Bat%2B6.38.50%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics DNA repair ability is reduced in a variety of pathologic conditions. In addition, in some of these diseases a disturbance in cellular Ca homeostasis occurs or cytosolic [Ca 2+] responses to various stimuli are impaired. The leading environmental cause for genomal DNA damage is ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The aims of the present study were (I) to evaluate a possible dependence of UV-induced DNA repair ability on cytosolic Ca 2+ in human lymphocytes and (2) to assess the direct effect of UV irradiation on Ca 2+ homeostasis in these cells. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/cfdf4446-a16d-4b46-9170-2d88f0b27f4e/Screenshot%2B2025-02-26%2Bat%2B6.14.41%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are associated with the majority of cervical cancers and encode a transforming protein, E6, that interacts with the tumor suppressor protein p53. Because E6 has p53-independent transforming activity, the yeast two-hybrid system was used to search for other E6-binding proteins. One such protein, E6BP, interacted with cancer-associated HPV E6 and with bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) E6. The transforming activity of BPV-1 E6 mutants correlated with their E6BP-binding ability. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/636f6452-8b7a-4e35-ab84-3caaa1ae5503/Screenshot%2B2025-02-26%2Bat%2B6.21.56%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics XRCC4 is a non-homologous end-joining protein employed in DNA double-strand break repair and in V(D)J recombination. In mice, XRCC4-deficiency causes a pleiotropic phenotype, which includes embryonic lethality and massive neuronal apoptosis. When DNA damage is not repaired, activating the cell cycle checkpoint protein p53 can lead to apoptosis. Here, we show that p53-de®ciency rescues several aspects of the XRCC4-deficient phenotype, including embryonic lethality, neuronal apoptosis, and impaired cellular proliferation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/a16f68f1-84cb-4e6c-a0f5-68c6df685113/Screenshot%2B2025-02-27%2Bat%2B12.09.09%E2%80%AFAM.webp Research Topics Here we report a flexible amperometric lactate biosensor using silver nanoparticle based conductive electrode. Mechanically bendable cross-serpentine-shaped silver electrode is generated on flexible substrate for the mechanical durability such as bending. The biosensor is designed and fabricated by modifying silver electrode with lactate oxidase immobilized by bovine serum albumin. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/95229851-50d3-4584-9bc4-c6c0b2dd115b/Screenshot%2B2025-02-27%2Bat%2B12.14.31%E2%80%AFAM.webp Research Topics Cellular stresses, such as growth factor deprivation, DNA damage or oncogene expression, lead to stabilization and activation of the p53 tumour suppressor protein. Depending on the cellular context, this results in one of two different outcomes: cell cycle arrest or apoptotic cell death. Cell death induced through the p53 pathway is executed by the caspase proteinases, which, by cleaving their substrates, lead to the characteristic https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/30c43873-8461-4103-8fdc-5d851e0d9848/Screenshot%2B2025-02-27%2Bat%2B12.21.28%E2%80%AFAM.webp Research Topics Human cells lacking functional p53 exhibit a partial deficiency in nucleotide excision repair (NER), the pathway for repair of UV-induced DNA damage. The global genomic repair (GGR) subpathway of NER, but not transcription-coupled repair (TCR), is mainly affected by p53 loss or inactivation. We have utilized mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking p53 genes or downstream effector genes of the p53 pathway, gadd45 (Gadd45a) or p21 (Cdkn1a), as well as MEFs lacking both gadd45 and p21 genes to address the potential contribution of these downstream effectors to p53-associated DNA repair. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/85b8b3a7-641a-4aa9-8065-303fb724b972/Screenshot%2B2025-02-27%2Bat%2B12.38.54%E2%80%AFAM.webp Research Topics Many cellular stimuli result in the induction of both the tumor suppressor p53 and NF-kB. In contrast to activation of p53, which is associated with the induction of apoptosis, stimulation of NF-kB has been shown to promote resistance to programmed cell death. These observations suggest that a regulatory mechanism must exist to integrate these opposing outcomes and coordinate this critical cellular decision-making event. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/bb57e281-9f4d-4d1e-9a1a-2a33e9464601/Screenshot%2B2025-02-27%2Bat%2B12.44.31%E2%80%AFAM.webp Research Topics The tumor suppressor p53 is a key protein in preventing cell transformation and tumor progression. Activated by a variety of stimuli, p53 regulates cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Along with its well-documented transcriptional control over cell-death programs within the nucleus, p53 exerts crucial although still poorly understood functions in the cytoplasm, directly modulating the apoptotic response at the mitochondrial level. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/e59926c8-2a24-4e55-9ec3-5e878bc03955/Screenshot%2B2025-02-27%2Bat%2B12.49.07%E2%80%AFAM.webp Research Topics p53 plays an essential part in the maintenance of the cellular genetic stability after a DNA-damaging event such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Following UV radiation, the amount of p53 protein is elevated. The increased p53 is believed to induce cell cycle arrest, promote nucleotide excision repair (NER) and apoptosis. To study if cells respond differently to high- and low-dose UV radiation, we examined the DNA repair efficiency and apoptosis rate of human and murine fibroblasts after UV radiation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/67d9847d-af5f-4ddf-9316-82ddd41f90b3/Screenshot%2B2025-02-27%2Bat%2B12.54.29%E2%80%AFAM.webp Research Topics The p53 tumour suppressor protein is a highly potent transcription factor which, under normal circumstances, is maintained at low levels through the action of MDM2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase which directs p53 ubiquitylation and degradation. Expression of the mdm2 gene is stimulated by p53 and this reciprocal relationship forms the basis of a negative feedback loop. Both genotoxic and non-genotoxic stresses that induce p53 focus principally on interruption of the p53-MDM2 loop with the consequence that p53 becomes stabilized, leading to changes in the expression of p53-responsive genes. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/bfd023a7-d387-4965-81ab-1b3a5e2e2c9c/Screenshot%2B2025-02-27%2Bat%2B1.01.03%E2%80%AFAM.webp Research Topics Activation of the p53 transcription factor in response to a variety of cellular stresses, including DNA damage and oncogene activation, initiates a program of gene expression that blocks the proliferative expansion of damaged cells. While the beneficial impact of the anti-cancer function of p53 is well established, several recent papers suggest that p53 activation may in some circumstances act in a manner detrimental to the long-term homeostasis of the organism. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/9c90e5aa-2565-45fd-b83e-098d554d46e3/Screenshot%2B2025-02-27%2Bat%2B2.19.01%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) signalling pathway plays a key role in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation. We show that the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway is constitutively active in primary acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells and that blockade by the selective inhibitor LY294002 reduces survival of the total blast population (mean 52%). The ERK/MAPK module is also constitutively active and treatment with the MAPKK inhibitor U0126 reduces cell survival by 22%. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/60a1e928-9fc2-447e-86b1-0eaa6424a1ca/Screenshot%2B2025-02-27%2Bat%2B2.26.21%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics Apoptosis is now recognized as an important component in many progressive and acute neurodegenerative diseases. Extracellular signals and intracellular mechanisms triggering and regulating apoptosis in neuronal cells are still a matter of investigation. Here we review data from our and other laboratories with the aim to elucidate the nature of some proteins which are known to be involved in cell cycle regulation as well as in promoting degeneration and apoptosis of neurons. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/2afc0e31-910d-4a70-966a-88ec7f0e5d90/Screenshot%2B2025-02-27%2Bat%2B2.34.06%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics S100B protein is elevated in the brains of patients with early stages of Alzheimer’s disease and Down’s syndrome. S100A4 is correlated with the development of metastasis. Both proteins bind to p53 tumor suppressor. We found that both S100B and S100A4 bind to the tetramerization domain of p53 (residues 325–355) only when exposed in lower oligomerization states and so they disrupt the tetramerization of p53. In addition, S100B binds to the negative regulatory and nuclear localization domains, which results in a very tight binding to p53 protein sequences that exposed the tetramerization domain in their C terminus. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/ea2164c0-57da-479a-8a49-d2b2fd659c1f/Screenshot%2B2025-02-27%2Bat%2B2.41.43%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics Calcium is an important ubiquitous second messenger regarding the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, and is therefore tightly regulated. Calcium induces cell death when internalised into cancer cells after permeabilization of the cell membrane by electroporation. It is established that radiation causes damage to the lipids and proteins of the cell membrane; and ionizing radiation also causes permeabilization of the cell membrane by peroxidation of the phosphor-lipid layer. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/a4fd9315-fe3e-4fcc-b5f6-3ec4a49e7b2e/Screenshot%2B2025-02-27%2Bat%2B2.51.29%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics S100B is an EF-hand containing calcium-binding protein of the S100 protein family that exerts its biological effect by binding and affecting various target proteins. A consensus sequence for S100B target proteins was published as (K/R)(L/I)xWxxIL and matches a region in the actin capping protein CapZ (V.V. Ivanenkov, G.A. Jamieson, Jr., E. Gruenstein, R.V. Dimlich, Characterization of S-100b binding epitopes. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/ef0ebd79-a20d-4afc-935d-6560f4ac0247/Screenshot%2B2025-02-27%2Bat%2B3.59.36%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics p53 has been implicated in the activation of both death-receptor and Apaf-1-dependent apoptosis. Signalling through death receptors such as tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) generates both pro- and anti-apoptotic signals, and activation of NF-kB functions to protect cells from death under these circumstances. In other situations, however, NF-kB contributes to apoptosis. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/af041f89-4972-4236-86c7-3f65b6059838/Screenshot%2B2025-02-27%2Bat%2B4.05.08%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) represents the molecular mechanism by which parathyroid cells detect changes in blood ionized calcium concentration and modulate parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion to maintain serum calcium levels within a narrow physiological range. Much has been learned in recent years about the diversity of signal transduction through the CaSR and the various factors that affect receptor expression. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/d9717315-39d1-44c2-88f1-66cb92d8949c/37+copy.webp Research Topics Although the mainstay of treatment for hormone responsive breast tumors is targeted endocrine therapy, many patients develop de novo or acquired resistance and are treated with chemotherapeutic drugs. The vast majority (80%) of estrogen receptor positive tumors also express wild type p53 protein that is a major determinant of the DNA damage response. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/27792776-d0c9-4877-a840-d9864f630271/38+copy.webp Research Topics The integration of calcium and a p53–Mdm2 oscillator model is studied using a deterministic as well as a stochastic approach, to investigate the impact of a calcium wave on single cell dynamics and on the inter-oscillator interaction. The high dose of calcium in the system activates the nitric oxide synthase, synthesizing nitric oxide which then downregulates Mdm2 and influences drastically the p53–Mdm2 network regulation, lifting the system from a normal to a stressed state. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/349234b4-75df-4bab-be5b-2ec2a02b1214/39+copy.webp Research Topics The pathways and identification of cell injury and cell death are of key importance to the practice of diagnostic and research toxicologic pathology. Following a lethal injury, cellular reactions are initially reversible. Currently, we recognize two patterns, oncosis and apoptosis. Oncosis, derived from the Greek word "swelling," is the common pattern of change in infarcts and in zonal killing following chemical toxicity, e.g., centrilobular hepatic necrosis after CC14 toxicity. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/a941f3af-bfc2-4283-872f-5f85811c710c/40+copy.webp Research Topics The p53 tumour-suppressor gene is mutated in 60% of human tumours, and the product of the gene acts as a suppressor of cell division. It is thought that the growth-suppressive effects of p53 are mediated through the transcriptional transactivation activity of the protein. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/68714f79-f763-409e-91d0-94f4790f5c9e/41+copy.webp Research Topics Loss of p53 function occurs during the development of most, if not all, tumour types. This paves the way for genomic instability, tumour-associated changes in metabolism, insensitivity to apoptotic signals, invasiveness and motility. However, the nature of the causal link between early tumorigenic events and the induction of the p53-mediated checkpoints that constitute a barrier to tumour progression remains uncertain https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/5d8b7857-3780-414a-b1e6-a6005aee79a6/42+copy.webp Research Topics Calcium is a ubiquitous second messenger that regulates many cellular functions, including cell growth, differentiation and neural signal transduction. S100A and S100B proteins are members of a growing subfamily of the EF-hand calcium binding protein superfamily, possessing ~40% sequence identity. The S100B protein is one of the ‘elite’ proteins in the field of calcium signaling, being implicated in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis1 as well as in Down’s syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/8e3dd4af-fe30-4927-ad7c-693a863e15e4/Screenshot%2B2025-02-27%2Bat%2B5.07.37%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics Calcium transport and calcium signalling mechanisms in bone cells have, in many cases, been discovered by study of diseases with disordered bone metabolism. Calcium matrix deposition is driven primarily by phosphate production, and disorders in bone deposition include abnormalities in membrane phosphate transport such as in chondrocalcinosis, and defects in phosphate-producing enzymes such as in hypophosphatasia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/4b175892-4faf-4ed7-946c-50de485bbc2f/Screenshot%2B2025-02-28%2Bat%2B12.44.38%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed HIV infection from a terminal disease to a manageable chronic illness. While incidence of AIDS-defining conditions has declined, other comorbidities have increased (1), including osteoporosis and fragility fractures (2-7). Both viral and host factors likely contribute to bone loss and fracture risk: HIV infection mediated by certain viral proteins, HIV-associated inflammation, lifestyle and behavioral factors, underlying genetic predisposition, comorbidities, and ART (8-14). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/978f5df6-a522-4ff1-a56e-06873abf1084/Screenshot%2B2025-02-28%2Bat%2B2.16.34%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Sigma Anti-bonding Molecule Calcium Carbonate (SAC) as therapy for ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats. Three weeks after surgery, fifteen ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into 3 groups: sham-operated group (sham), ovariectomized group (OVX) and SAC-treatment group (OVX+SAC). The OVX+SAC group was given drinking water containing 0.0012% SAC for 12 weeks. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1471f7c0-f028-4b56-97db-049d6322ebfd/Screenshot%2B2025-02-28%2Bat%2B2.41.08%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and aging result in impaired ability to store memories, but the cellular mechanisms responsible for these defects are poorly understood. Presenilin 1 (PS1) mutations are responsible for many early-onset familial AD (FAD) cases. The phenomenon of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) is widely used in studies of memory formation and storage. Recent data revealed long-term LTP maintenance (L-LTP) is impaired in PS1-M146V knock-in (KI) FAD mice. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/5fc43e40-3087-4218-b87c-3aa6f826c6c4/Screenshot%2B2025-02-28%2Bat%2B2.42.25%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by the selective and progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons (MNs) of the brainstem, spinal cord and cerebral cortex. Key discoveries in the field of ALS have exponentially increased since it was first described in 1869 by Jean Martin Charcot, and the identification in 1993 of the first ALS-causing mutations in the gene encoding the well-studied antioxidant enzyme Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/14eaf784-04cf-4c2b-b779-45c834f8eb71/Screenshot%2B2025-02-28%2Bat%2B3.06.51%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the disease of lost memories. Synaptic loss is a major reason for memory defects in AD. Signaling pathways involved in memory loss in AD are under intense investigation. The role of deranged neuronal calcium (Ca2+) signaling in synaptic loss in AD is described in this review. Familial AD (FAD) mutations in presenilins are linked directly with synaptic Ca2+ signaling abnormalities, most likely by affecting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ leak function of presenilins. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/45526d74-c1dd-46b3-a60d-c16e44df59f6/Screenshot%2B2025-02-28%2Bat%2B3.17.08%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-linked presenilin mutations result in pronounced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium disruptions that occur prior to detectable histopathology and cognitive deficits. More subtly, these early AD-linked calcium alterations also reset neurophysiological homeostasis, such that calcium-dependent pre- and postsynaptic signaling appear functionally normal yet are actually operating under aberrant calcium signaling systems. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/e6b9d4dd-6366-4a70-bb1f-e3d2c3267791/Screenshot%2B2025-02-28%2Bat%2B3.40.57%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics Trains of action potentials evoked rises in presynaptic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) at the squid giant synapse. These increases in [Ca2+]i were spatially nonuniform during the trains, but rapidly equilibrated after the trains and slowly declined over hundreds of seconds. The trains also elicited synaptic depression and augmentation, both of which developed during stimulation and declined within a few seconds afterward. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/af0dff7d-02d7-448d-acc9-1b6f796064af/Screenshot%2B2025-02-28%2Bat%2B4.06.25%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics Modeling and simulation of the calcium signaling events that precede long-term depression of synaptic activity in cerebellar Purkinje cells are performed using the Virtual Cell biological modeling framework. It is found that the unusually high density and low sensitivity of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R) are critical to the ability of the cell to generate and localize a calcium spike in a single dendritic spine. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/c921713f-c655-4c2f-a139-68d3cddacc4b/Screenshot%2B2025-02-28%2Bat%2B4.59.34%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by widespread inflammation, focal demyelination and a variable degree of axonal and neuronal loss. Ionic conductances regulate T cell activation as well as neuronal function and thus have been found to play a crucial role in MS pathogenesis. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/8a39ffe1-7521-46cf-85b3-e1f0294b9d43/Screenshot%2B2025-02-28%2Bat%2B5.09.39%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics A number of bone-filling materials containing calcium (Ca2+) and phosphate (P) ions have been used in the repair of periodontal bone defects; however, the effects that local release of Ca2+ and P ions has on biological reactions are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of various levels of Ca2+ and P ions on the proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/fdd2634a-e642-49cc-9ce0-4f5ffb077bb5/Screenshot%2B2025-02-28%2Bat%2B5.15.29%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics Myocardial calcium signalling is a vital component of the normal physiological function of the heart. Key amongst the many roles calcium plays is its use as the primary signalling component of excitation–contraction coupling, the intracellular process that links cardiomyocyte depolarisation to contraction. Defective cellular calcium handling, due to abnormalities of the various components which mediate and control excitation–contraction coupling, is widely recognised as a significant patho-physiological event in the contractile dysfunction of the failing heart. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/ae24e40e-3cbe-4070-a38f-efaf631e4422/Screenshot%2B2025-02-28%2Bat%2B5.20.21%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics Cardiac arrhythmia, caused by disruption of the coordinated electrical activity of heart, is among the leading causes of sudden cardiac death in United States. Intracellular calcium dynamics in cardiac cells have been recognized as an important contributor in life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia (ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation) as well as increasingly prevalent atrial arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation [AF] and flutter). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/6288bd0a-89a8-4d9a-a595-4ceb3a2b5ee6/Screenshot%2B2025-02-28%2Bat%2B5.32.13%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics Hyperglycemia in Diabetes Mellitus is known to have its effect on almost all body system through alterations in structural and biochemical changes in tissues.From this study it is hypothesized that alteration in calcium flux may adversely affect the insulin secretion as it is a calcium dependent process. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/9d575d43-75d5-403e-ac40-b7544f97daaa/Screenshot%2B2025-02-28%2Bat%2B5.45.00%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics Decreased bone mineral density (BMD) is prevalent in HIV-infected patients. Bisphosphonates are currently the mainstay of treatment for postmenopausal and male osteoporosis in HIV-uninfected individuals; however, their efficacy and safety in HIV-infected patients remains unclear. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/cfdc7dd0-4fde-4f2c-ada8-8079e9dcdd48/Screenshot%2B2025-02-28%2Bat%2B5.53.31%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics Osteopenia and osteoporosis are frequent complications of HIV infection and/or its treatment. Alendronate is the only bisphosphonate approved for the treatment of osteoporosis in men and women. We conducted a 48-week prospective, randomized, openlabel study to evaluate the effects of alendronate, vitamin D, and calcium supplementation on bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with HIV infection. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/32e20e65-71fb-4fc3-b81f-8467e43d87c4/Screenshot%2B2025-02-28%2Bat%2B6.02.37%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics Lyme borreliosis is transmitted through the bite of a tick that is infected by the bacterial spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. Clinical manifestation of the disease can lead to heart conditions, neurological disorders, and inflammatory disorders. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of oxidative stress and intracellular communication in Lyme borreliosis patients. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/f3a52b1d-f68d-423f-a296-04d51ecdb6b3/Screenshot%2B2025-02-28%2Bat%2B6.08.38%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics Epidemiological data suggest that calcium intake may influence lipid metabolism. It is unknown whether this influence also occurs in individuals with HIV/AIDS. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between dietary calcium, dairy food intake and metabolic parameters in individuals with HIV/AIDS. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/ea9ed935-963c-4635-8c27-4b49ba24b777/Screenshot%2B2025-02-28%2Bat%2B6.28.55%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics It is known that exogenous RNA molecules can be taken up by eukaryotic cells and can exert a variety of biological effects both in vitro and in vivo. The modulation of human lymphocytes by exogenous RNAs has medical implications. The exogenous RNA used in this study was obtained from lymphoid organs of animals immunized with the synthetic peptide p12 of HIV-1 and was referred to as p12-RNA. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/64dcc7bf-0863-44f4-a6df-22f00186cd43/Screenshot%2B2025-02-28%2Bat%2B6.33.17%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics Until now, only few data have been reported on calcium levels in these patients. Generally hypocalcaemia has not been considered to be a frequent phenomenon in HIV infection and reports of reduced calcium levels in AIDS have been mostly attributed to hypoalbuminaemia or to pharmacotherapy, e.g. treatment with foscarnet or ketoconazole. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/07432a9c-f6ed-401f-ae9a-b932b56b2230/Screenshot%2B2025-02-28%2Bat%2B9.21.16%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics Tumour progression is dependent on the interaction between tumour cells and cells of the surrounding microenvironment. The tumour is a dynamic milieu consisting of various cell types such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, cells of the immune system and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs are multipotent stromal cells that are known to reside in various areas such as the bone marrow, fat and dental pulp. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/df7a1b5b-b9f2-432b-bb96-0b7e1c15c8a6/Screenshot%2B2025-02-28%2Bat%2B9.31.45%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics The role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on breast cancer progression, growth and tumorigenesis remains controversial or unknown. In the present study, we investigated the role of MSCs on breast tumor induction and growth in a clinically relevant somatic breast cancer model. We first conducted in vitro studies and found that conditioned media (CM) of RCASNeu and RCAS-PyMT breast cancer cell lines and tumor cells themselves dramatically increased the proliferation and motility of MSCs and induced morphological changes of MSCs and differentiation into fibroblast-like cells. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1bf5c845-a2bb-4e70-91d0-9463300b87cd/Screenshot%2B2025-02-28%2Bat%2B9.36.18%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics Tumor-initiating cells are a subset of tumor cells with the ability to form new tumors; however, they account for less than 0.001% of the cells in colorectal or other types of tumors. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) integrate into the colorectal tumor stroma; we investigated their involvement in tumor initiation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/b9456ab9-3cb0-47f5-973b-0ab4872d5548/Screenshot%2B2025-02-28%2Bat%2B9.42.32%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics It is prevalently known that tumour cells prefer inefficient cellular glycolysis, but no one has proved yet the exact reason of using ineffective cellular respiration mechanism of tumour cells. However, through our research, we have investigated that it is highly related to the lack of intracellular calcium ion because as the insufficient calcium ion causes dysfunction of mitochondria which releases reactive oxygen species (ROS), it causes mitochondrial protein mutation such as TDP-43, FUS and SOD1. Therefore, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) gets stressed and it ultimately causes alteration of RNA synthesis. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/0110a31b-ce8d-475b-b6e0-285f620f5c62/Screenshot%2B2025-02-28%2Bat%2B9.56.08%E2%80%AFPM.webp Research Topics It is now widely recognised that changes of the intracellular calcium concentration have deep impact on the differentiation of various non-excitable cells including the elements of the vertebrate skeleton. It has become evident that purinergic signalling is one of the most ancient cellular mechanisms that can cause such alterations in the intracellular Ca2+-homeostasis, which are precisely set either spatially or temporally. Purinergic signalling is believed to regulate intracellular Ca2+ concentration of developing cartilage and skeletal muscle cells and suggested to play roles in the modulation of various cellular functions. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/f8ae001a-efb3-43c8-9a6d-32b727b32e84/Screenshot%2B2025-03-01%2Bat%2B12.07.11%E2%80%AFAM.webp Research Topics Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterised by gradual destruction of articular cartilage and leads to painful and dysfunctional knee-, hip- or hand-joints. With the increasing life expectancy and obesity, the prevalence is expected to rise. In the younger population, joint pain and disability can result from local cartilage defects resulting from injury or disease. After the introduction of autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) as a treatment option for localised cartilage defects in the late 80’s, cell‑based repair techniques have been extensively explored through clinical trials aiming to improve long‑term clinical outcomes. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/d913dc3b-0b3e-4f43-acf4-35632ebdf4b1/Screenshot%2B2025-03-01%2Bat%2B12.09.52%E2%80%AFAM.webp Research Topics Undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent an important source for cell-based tissue regeneration techniques that require differentiation towards specific lineages, including chondrocytes. Chondrogenesis, the process by which committed mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes, is controlled by complex but not yet completely understood signalling mechanisms that involve many components, including intracellular signalling pathways, as well as plasma membrane receptors and ion channels. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/017abdb3-3f09-4363-8f5e-56b5d7a57903/Screenshot%2B2025-03-01%2Bat%2B12.17.06%E2%80%AFAM.webp Research Topics Mitochondria play central roles in buffering intracellular Ca2+ transients. While basal mitochondrial Ca2+ (Ca2+ mito) is needed to maintain organellar physiology, Ca2+ mito overload can lead to cell death. How Ca2+ mito homeostasis is regulated is not well understood. Here we show that Miro, a known component of the mitochondrial transport machinery, regulates Drosophila neural stem cell (NSC) development through Ca2+ homeostasis control, independent of its role in mitochondrial transport. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/27cf5bb9-745c-4ff7-9ded-f8d0ccaa222a/Screenshot%2B2025-03-01%2Bat%2B12.22.09%E2%80%AFAM.webp Research Topics To artificially activate embryos in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), chemical treatment with ionomycin has been used to induce transient levels of Ca²⁺ and initiate reprogramming of embryos. Ca²⁺ oscillation occurs naturally several times after fertilization (several times with 15- to 30-min intervals). This indicates how essential additional Ca²⁺ influx is for successful reprogramming of embryos. Hence, in this report, the experimental design was aimed at improving the developmental efficiency of cloned embryos by repetitive Ca²⁺ transients rather than the commonly used ionomycin treatment (4 min). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1bf4b614-5963-4adf-9992-184cc92378e9/Screenshot%2B2025-03-01%2Bat%2B12.31.27%E2%80%AFAM.webp Research Topics The increasing interest in stem cell research is linked to the promise of developing treatments for many lifethreatening, debilitating diseases, and for cell replacement therapies. However, performing these therapeutic innovations with safety will only be possible when an accurate knowledge about the molecular signals that promote the desired cell fate is reached. https://www.aictherapy.com/research-articles-contact-3 daily 0.75 2026-01-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/ce8f2fe7-e310-410f-9c9e-ac966aeac4dd/Moutain.webp Research Articles Contact https://www.aictherapy.com/new-page-45 daily 0.75 2025-05-16 https://www.aictherapy.com/new-page-89 daily 0.75 2025-05-16 https://www.aictherapy.com/latest-news daily 0.75 2026-03-03 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/07aba7ff-80d4-405a-b79f-9f1406be5788/Screenshot+2025-07-11+at+4.53.33%E2%80%AFPM.png Latest News https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1772463997634-6GXAGX36XEV6URDUJHPF/Slide1.jpeg Latest News 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https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1764163197069-D57G33DHAZNNSAKA1G2M/A-Potent-Calcium-Dietary-Consumption-Improves-Bone-Mineral-Density-in-Asian-Older-Adults_page-0011.webp Latest News https://www.aictherapy.com/newsletter daily 0.75 2026-04-03 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/039b0849-bcc1-4607-86cd-dae3fab4c868/700.webp Newsletter https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/25646ac2-fae1-43ca-87c7-aaee56ff8115/Header.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1767966735648-YGOG106D4ZR43TGGDQK1/Calcium%2BTiming.webp Newsletter - Cancer Immunity, Timed by Calcium This newsletter shows how cytotoxic immunity in cancer depends on short, controlled free ionic Ca2+ pulses at the immune synapse, and how a low, steady calcium window can support cleaner killing and recovery. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1769158408542-F4LC96GVBR7FGN6WJFBZ/Scleroderma.webp Newsletter - Changing the Trajectory in Scleroderma: Calcium Rhythm and Fibrosis A quick scleroderma check to keep the appointment focused, find problems early, and avoid spending months on the wrong issue. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1769159550735-K5PYSW2CR06CIDTW7J7E/Cancer+Immunity.webp Newsletter - Cancer Immunity, Timed by Calcium This newsletter shows how cytotoxic immunity in cancer depends on short, controlled free ionic Ca2+ pulses at the immune synapse, and how a low, steady calcium window can support cleaner killing and recovery. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1770022227818-RS68IHZ3A6GMT3I0I7C8/Neurodegenerative.webp Newsletter - Predictable Headache Patterns: Threshold, Timing, Recovery If you're seeing "standard workup" headaches that still behave unpredictably, this issue provides a cleaner clinical lens, making the pattern measurable and follow-up easier. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1771266327436-VMH6PJ5A8GIXYFTVI7MG/Microbiota.webp Newsletter - How Correcting Calcium Signaling Normalizes Gut Microbiota and Barrier Integrity This newsletter reveals how restoring ionic calcium signaling can normalize gut pH, barrier integrity, and calcium routing. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1772507483358-WU4J1Z3EA20KTL8A7QYF/Osteogenesis.webp Newsletter - Calcium signaling faults in osteogenesis imperfecta bone fragility This newsletter reveals why calcium signaling is so essential in osteogenesis imperfecta. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1773049703319-QY1F29M4NO74EFITQEZC/Depression%2Bto%2BAlzheimer%2527s.webp Newsletter - The Calcium Bridge from Depression to Alzheimer’s This newsletter reveals why unstable calcium signaling and impaired calcium clearance can push depressive circuits toward Alzheimer vulnerability and how restoring calcium homeostasis and compartmental handling may protect synaptic plasticity and cognitive resilience. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1774009204375-UWST26VU7X8GWJMQ2XFY/Hair+Loss.webp Newsletter - How Early Hair Loss Begins with Fine Hair This newsletter reveals that early hair loss often begins with fine, weak regrowth, not because follicles are gone, but because they are still alive and already underperforming. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1774949826937-AGWJVOTXDV0NMBUYA7S5/Calcium+Signaling+in+Erectile+Dysfunction.webp Newsletter - Calcium Signaling in Erectile Dysfunction This newsletter reveals why early erectile dysfunction(ED) is often a calcium signaling problem before it becomes a complete loss of erection. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/df6a0a96-ae6b-4049-850b-08b47caba683/Screenshot%2B2025-08-10%2Bat%2B8.56.50%E2%80%AFPM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out This newsletter explores how joint pain can begin at the cellular level through calcium misplacement, before inflammation or structural damage is ever visible. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/409894ed-4ce4-4647-8122-fd6dbf8385ee/Screenshot%2B2025-08-10%2Bat%2B9.00.10%E2%80%AFPM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out This newsletter reveals how disrupted calcium signaling, not wear or inflammation, keeps joints locked in dysfunction. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/d2b5a787-0935-4bb1-b8e1-fabb41e4e314/Screenshot%2B2025-08-06%2Bat%2B4.39.30%E2%80%AFPM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out Regulated increases in cytosolic and organellar Ca2+ concentrations in lymphocytes control complex and crucial effector functions such as metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, antibody and cytokine secretion, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and numerous gene transcriptions. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/8c1f9219-4fd5-44cb-b7ae-556293cdfeec/Screenshot%2B2025-08-15%2Bat%2B10.08.41%E2%80%AFAM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out This newsletter explores how calcium misregulation drives inflammation and examines therapeutic approaches that reestablish physiological calcium signaling in chronic disease. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/86e9dc8f-f026-4a9d-bb9d-d1ea2973229c/Screenshot%2B2025-08-18%2Bat%2B5.54.34%E2%80%AFPM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out This newsletter explores how restoring precise intracellular calcium flow can energize immune cells, strengthen pathogen defense, and improve infection outcomes. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/9472fd4a-d95d-4090-be56-2ab487449409/Scleroderma.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out A quick scleroderma check to keep the appointment focused, find problems early, and avoid spending months on the wrong issue. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/3086dee2-3b5c-400a-b19c-584004d3a33c/Screenshot%2B2025-08-13%2Bat%2B11.40.55%E2%80%AFAM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out Clinical resistance isn’t always about protocol failure—it’s sometimes about what lies beneath the surface, unseen. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/7b4a4cba-827b-4042-b3c8-4bc8096c33c2/Screenshot%2B2025-08-06%2Bat%2B4.56.55%E2%80%AFPM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out This newsletter reveals how coffee, when decoded through calcium-regulated pathways, offers precise leverage over energy, cognition, and adaptive stress responses. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/02d22c92-29a1-4089-a3ea-e5e90a59d74e/Screenshot%2B2025-08-13%2Bat%2B11.43.08%E2%80%AFAM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out Calcium (Ca2+) is not merely a structural component of bones but a dynamic biochemical messenger that orchestrates the intricate processes of wound healing. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/003299a6-b92e-4650-a570-6239f9485faa/Screenshot%2B2025-08-15%2Bat%2B10.11.50%E2%80%AFAM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out This newsletter explores how hidden calcium imbalances silently shape your sleep, mood, inflammation, and long-term health. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/abd7cfc0-ba56-427e-91af-13a36cc42221/Weightloss.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out This newsletter reveals how misdirected calcium signaling can quietly keep weight loss stuck in patients who look fully compliant. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/4d0df838-858d-48b0-8a15-0b1f95eee4e5/Calcium+Timing.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out Here’s how calcium timing connects sleep depth, morning clarity, and cognitive aging, with a simple signal map you can use. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/5bf647f8-c736-49c3-80b9-6ed8dbeb5da1/Hair+Loss.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out This newsletter reveals that early hair loss often begins with fine, weak regrowth, not because follicles are gone, but because they are still alive and already underperforming. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/a53b4af8-0f5e-44e1-bbda-2c0f15c40e4f/Microbiota.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out This newsletter reveals how restoring ionic calcium signaling can normalize gut pH, barrier integrity, and calcium routing. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/5fa90968-2e41-4c11-b91c-101e0b0c0f3a/Screenshot%2B2025-08-10%2Bat%2B8.22.40%E2%80%AFPM+copy.webp Newsletter Part one explores how calcium regulates alveolar bone stability and cavity prevention. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/6304ac73-a3ca-496f-820f-65163033d577/Screenshot%2B2025-08-10%2Bat%2B8.29.35%E2%80%AFPM+copy.webp Newsletter Part Two focuses on its role in dental implants, bone remodeling, and the prevention of peri-implant resorption while maintaining gingival tissue integrity. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/ffca0716-50e3-4a44-a814-fa81f9dda5fe/Screenshot%2B2025-08-10%2Bat%2B8.32.42%E2%80%AFPM+copy.webp Newsletter Part Three covers calcium’s impact on gum recession and highlights its role in enamel remineralization, salivary pH balance, and gingival tissue repair. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/a796e2ce-f64b-44c7-8415-d14f3773d756/Screenshot%2B2025-08-10%2Bat%2B8.48.05%E2%80%AFPM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out The first part of this newsletter series explores calcium’s pivotal contributions to Detoxification and its Impact on Oxidative Stress Management. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/08d7bf7b-a1b1-4212-bfed-757f072ec0c5/Screenshot%2B2025-08-10%2Bat%2B9.07.14%E2%80%AFPM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out This second part focuses on Calcium’s Role in Heavy Metal Detoxification, unraveling how it aids in mitigating toxicity and restoring cellular balance. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/9dff908a-3b9c-4fa9-b1ae-0f80896c7403/Screenshot%2B2025-08-10%2Bat%2B9.13.11%E2%80%AFPM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out This third part probes ionic calcium’s role into Detoxification related to skin health and anti-aging. Together, the series demonstrates how calcium is a cornerstone in safeguarding the body from oxidative stress and toxic challenges. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/18a212fd-7c23-4c59-aa96-9a8fcf070e38/Screenshot%2B2025-11-03%2Bat%2B4.23.54%E2%80%AFPM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out This newsletter reveals how orderly mitochondrial signaling, redox rebuilding, and measured detox restore ATP coupling by reestablishing brief, well-timed calcium pulses across tissues. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/8ea9af45-1b18-42e9-8573-a22a0a4f62db/Screenshot%2B2025-08-12%2Bat%2B10.55.04%E2%80%AFAM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out This newsletter reveals how calcium dysregulation is not a byproduct of type 2 diabetes but a driving force behind β-cell failure, insulin resistance, and early vascular damage—redefining how metabolic dysfunction begins. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/c9bee5c5-60ad-44f1-8056-9cf851c533cd/2.Screenshot%2B2025-08-13%2Bat%2B4.53.58%E2%80%AFPM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out Part one focuses on how ionic calcium regulates heartbeat rhythm, myocardial contraction, and overall cardiac performance. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/b087c099-9c30-4d48-a2de-0e1912f8b67b/3.Screenshot%2B2025-08-13%2Bat%2B4.55.36%E2%80%AFPM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out Part two explores how anxiety disrupts heart function through calcium imbalance and why addressing it is key to cardiovascular https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/7a78cffc-20e5-4c0a-911b-c38464cf8595/1.Screenshot%2B2025-08-12%2Bat%2B11.14.05%E2%80%AFAM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out Part three explores how calcium dysregulation contributes to hypertension and stroke risk. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/96aaa321-4ba6-4f94-a829-f552593d1ab4/4.Screenshot%2B2025-10-13%2Bat%2B9.39.20%E2%80%AFPM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out Part four explores the link between calcium imbalance and heart failure. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/636578b2-a7d1-4e60-b544-71bf6e28f55c/5.Screenshot%2B2025-10-13%2Bat%2B9.33.39%E2%80%AFPM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out This newsletter reveals how disordered calcium flow inside the vessel wall drives stiffness and early mineral seeding, and how AIC may help shift tissue behavior toward repair. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/0a92780b-a801-415c-8efa-6f0bde93dd02/Screenshot%2B2025-08-12%2Bat%2B11.23.12%E2%80%AFAM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out This newsletter reveals how disrupted calcium signaling quietly reshapes the cancer terrain long before a tumor forms. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/266f9861-c8b4-42d0-a791-7debc31965a9/Screenshot%2B2025-08-12%2Bat%2B11.31.29%E2%80%AFAM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out This newsletter series, "Cellular Approach to Longevity by Calcium," delves into calcium’s multidimensional influence on health beyond its traditional role in bone strength. The first part explores Calcium: A Key to Cellular Longevity through DNA Repair, Mitochondrial Health, and Telomere Stability. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/f0232f2f-5abc-417d-ad0f-acad499c2c44/Screenshot%2B2025-08-12%2Bat%2B11.45.37%E2%80%AFAM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out This newsletter series, "Cellular Approach to Longevity by Calcium," delves into calcium’s multidimensional influence on health beyond its traditional role in bone strength. The second part investigates Calcium's Role in Longevity: Optimizing Bone Health, Cellular Signaling, and Inflammation Control. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/6ce512a0-994c-4f0a-8ee7-7e93eba7beaf/Screenshot%2B2025-08-12%2Bat%2B11.51.17%E2%80%AFAM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out This newsletter series, "Cellular Approach to Longevity by Calcium," delves into calcium’s multidimensional influence on health beyond its traditional role in bone strength. This third part brings it all together, highlighting Calcium’s Role in Systemic Communication and Cellular Resilience. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/2de14197-df11-4975-a3ce-60a5d7b1dde4/Screenshot%2B2025-08-25%2Bat%2B12.16.37%E2%80%AFPM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out This newsletter reveals how targeted calcium signaling, including AIC-driven pulses, integrates with bile acids, fermentable fibers, and circadian inputs to reset barrier function and motility. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/a000833a-8713-4b3c-8a72-c78754dcbc54/Screenshot%2B2025-08-12%2Bat%2B12.02.59%E2%80%AFPM+copy.webp Newsletter This is the first part of our four-part series on how AIC Therapy can help prevent and manage neurodegenerative diseases. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/a7f9c311-01c5-4c76-865c-196c82e6f326/Screenshot%2B2025-08-12%2Bat%2B12.06.43%E2%80%AFPM+copy.webp Newsletter Part two examines how AIC Therapy targets the underlying mechanisms of Alzheimer’s and dementia, offering new ways to protect brain function. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/5b3fc81e-32eb-46dc-b4d8-1d2f4f09c35e/Screenshot%2B2025-08-12%2Bat%2B12.10.46%E2%80%AFPM+copy.webp Newsletter Part three focuses on Parkinson's, highlighting how AIC Therapy can help manage disease progression. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1a0665c7-6fb6-44c4-b565-d837ff31c397/Screenshot%2B2025-08-13%2Bat%2B5.25.23%E2%80%AFPM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out Part 4 will cover ALS, discussing how AIC Therapy supports motor neuron health, protects neurons, and improves muscle functions. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/33c4dfd1-0542-4841-992a-6006e6a94bfa/Screenshot%2B2025-08-13%2Bat%2B5.26.33%E2%80%AFPM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out This newsletter reveals how sleep disorders may stem not only from neurohormonal imbalance but also from subtle disruptions in ionic calcium signaling — and introduces AIC therapy as a clinically promising mineral-based intervention. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/ba2cdd1a-a6bb-44ed-9621-97f6afb3443c/Neurodegenerative.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out If you're seeing "standard workup" headaches that still behave unpredictably, this issue provides a cleaner clinical lens, making the pattern measurable and follow-up easier. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/487e56ba-530e-492a-a38c-5c50d8f7ffb5/Depression+to+Alzheimer%27s.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out This newsletter reveals why unstable calcium signaling and impaired calcium clearance can push depressive circuits toward Alzheimer vulnerability and how restoring calcium homeostasis and compartmental handling may protect synaptic plasticity and cognitive resilience. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/b7ca8cf8-9324-4a12-b700-f2c4f2eb867c/Screenshot%2B2025-08-12%2Bat%2B12.36.14%E2%80%AFPM+copy.webp Newsletter This newsletter reveals how disrupted calcium signaling quietly reshapes the cancer terrain long before a tumor forms. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/3e19223e-ca40-4a4f-8d5e-1ccf0af1858f/Screenshot%2B2025-08-12%2Bat%2B12.41.31%E2%80%AFPM+copy.webp Newsletter Studies on leukemia treatment aim to target intracellular calcium levels, recognizing their crucial role in cancer cell behavior and survival. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/1c8dfda6-8cc2-48df-88c1-94fe140695ff/Screenshot%2B2025-08-12%2Bat%2B12.46.05%E2%80%AFPM+copy.webp Newsletter Before myeloma is visible, the body often sends its warning through silence —not in labs, but in calcium flow. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/caf247ed-c718-412e-b6a7-806d01b7ef39/Screenshot%2B2025-08-12%2Bat%2B12.53.48%E2%80%AFPM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out The ability of calcium influx to disrupt the cell cycle and activate apoptosis pathways has highlighted calcium's potential in cancer treatment. However, the effects of calcium on cancer can only be realized through regulating cellular ionic calcium signaling, which can be achieved with Anti-orbital Ionic Calcium (AIC) therapy. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/c334c5aa-d581-4004-b31a-2055e8361877/Screenshot%2B2025-08-12%2Bat%2B1.04.14%E2%80%AFPM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out Cancer cells thrive in an acidic microenvironment due to increased glycolysis and lactic acid production. This acidic environment promotes the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. Anti-Orbital Ionic Calcium (AIC) therapy alters the microenvironment of cancer cells to be more alkaline. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/b7e6103e-fe63-49b6-ab80-81f7923fcc80/Screenshot%2B2025-08-12%2Bat%2B1.11.16%E2%80%AFPM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out Calcium ion (Ca2+) is a ubiquitous and versatile signaling molecule that regulates a wide array of cellular processes, including proliferation, cell death, migration, and immune response, which are crucial for cancer development. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/583860e7-1353-4e0c-8d2e-75c8f5addef0/Screenshot%2B2025-08-12%2Bat%2B1.16.32%E2%80%AFPM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out In cancer cells, calcium signaling serves as a critical regulator of metabolic processes that support cell survival. It specifically enhances the activity of TCA cycle enzymes, such as isocitrate dehydrogenase and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, which are vital for producing the metabolic intermediates required for rapid proliferation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/f8b6327c-656e-49fd-af66-83b71f2fc558/Screenshot%2B2025-08-12%2Bat%2B1.26.22%E2%80%AFPM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out AIC therapy has demonstrated potential in addressing critical factors in multiple myeloma(MM), offering a novel approach that may influence outcomes in previously unexplored ways. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/adcbe941-0773-4090-a2f5-9a14f63f7e62/Cancer+Immunity.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out This newsletter shows how cytotoxic immunity in cancer depends on short, controlled free ionic Ca2+ pulses at the immune synapse, and how a low, steady calcium window can support cleaner killing and recovery. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/fd303540-ff26-4484-bb9f-6140e1449a7d/Screenshot%2B2025-08-12%2Bat%2B11.44.02%E2%80%AFPM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out Calcium imbalances directly affect bone resorption and formation processes, indicating that regulating calcium levels is crucial for maintaining bone density and preventing osteoporosis. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/99bc592f-3f66-4a15-a796-208c2cafb48c/Screenshot%2B2025-08-13%2Bat%2B12.12.00%E2%80%AFAM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out In this series on why stronger bones lead to a healthier life, the first part examines how bones regulate the immune system through dynamic interactions with immune cells. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/f5caa8df-fac7-43f8-a9c7-b6ee4529155b/Screenshot%2B2025-08-13%2Bat%2B12.16.38%E2%80%AFAM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out The second part discusses the endocrine role of bones, focusing on osteocalcin's regulation of energy metabolism and its connection to calcium homeostasis. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/9c297f29-ff59-445b-b228-32621324dad2/Screenshot%2B2025-08-13%2Bat%2B5.44.16%E2%80%AFPM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out This newsletter series explores three vital functions of bones that go far beyond their structural role. The third part highlights bones' contribution to systemic pH balance and acid-base regulation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/d275d768-2479-44d3-bc72-5c96500b2119/Screenshot%2B2025-09-05%2Bat%2B5.32.22%E2%80%AFPM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out This newsletter reveals how specific dairy patterns and corrected calcium signaling can curb midlife fat shift while strengthening bone. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/d3c5fc46-f22d-4de5-83e4-7de406749f82/Screenshot%2B2025-08-13%2Bat%2B1.18.44%E2%80%AFAM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out Calcium isn't just present in pain pathways-it's actively shaping them at every level. Pain starts when calcium channels in nociceptors open, allowing an ion surge that triggers action potentials and sets pain in motion. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/10c96c1b-f251-4ec1-986e-0cb28a9e49ca/Screenshot%2B2025-08-13%2Bat%2B11.11.38%E2%80%AFAM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out This newsletter reveals how silent calcium misplacement-not structural failure -can reshape chronic back pain from within. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/d081c894-c7e1-4104-88c2-755510e55128/Screenshot%2B2025-09-10%2Bat%2B4.09.46%E2%80%AFPM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out This newsletter reveals how disturbed calcium handling drives stubborn myalgia and how restoring rhythms improves function. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/fe570398-9e90-4a33-93f3-3c0604523e1f/Screenshot%2B2025-08-13%2Bat%2B11.28.42%E2%80%AFAM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out Mental fatigue creeps in unnoticed, stealing focus, dulling motivation, and slowing the mind. But what if the key to restoring clarity and energy isn't about pushing harder but about unlocking a fundamental cellular process? https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/cf5db977-948d-4bda-9298-92a356b7efa9/Screenshot%2B2025-08-13%2Bat%2B11.27.38%E2%80%AFAM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out This newsletter reveals how depression can emerge not just from neurotransmitter imbalance, but from blocked intracellular calcium signaling —a deeper disruption in brain cell communication. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/432c503f-29f0-4e05-a767-8c1de8574a9d/Screenshot%2B2025-08-13%2Bat%2B11.33.25%E2%80%AFAM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out This newsletter reveals that restoring calcium flow inside brain cells is a key step toward rebalancing neural circuits, reducing sensory overload, and unlocking meaningful functional improvements in children with autism. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/2bdaa00c-fa26-4001-afa2-ffa5588a5933/Calcium+Signaling+in+Erectile+Dysfunction.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out This newsletter reveals why early erectile dysfunction(ED) is often a calcium signaling problem before it becomes a complete loss of erection. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/d6130595-c875-43d5-8dee-27c8919e8da6/Osteogenesis.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out This newsletter reveals how restoring ionic calcium signaling can normalize gut pH, barrier integrity, and calcium routing. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f67c8ea674379687d42127b/eae49292-c783-4a46-9c1e-3a951924504e/Screenshot%2B2025-08-13%2Bat%2B11.35.58%E2%80%AFAM+copy.webp Newsletter - Make it stand out This newsletter reveals how overlooked calcium dynamics -not the stem cells themselves -often determine whether a regenerative protocol succeeds, stalls, or silently fails.